Mesenchymal Tumors of Muscularis Mucosae of Colon and Rectum are Benign Leiomyomas that Should be Separated from Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors—A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of Eighty-Eight Cases

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 950-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Miettinen ◽  
Maarit Sarlomo-Rikala ◽  
Leslie H Sobin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Colon And Rectum

Multislice imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Preferential Localization ◽  
Multislice Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Diagnosis

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract (1%). These tumors express the CD 117 in 95% of cases. The stomach is the preferential localization (70%). Diagnosis is difficult and sometimes late. Progress of imaging has greatly improved the management and the prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosis, staging, and treatment follow-up. The increasing recognition of GIST’s histopathology and the prolonged survival revealed some suggestive imaging aspects. Key words: gastro-intestinal stromal tumors; computed tomography; diagnosis

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): Novel Therapeutic Strategies with Immunotherapy and Small Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Christos Vallilas ◽  
Panagiotis Sarantis ◽  
Anastasios Kyriazoglou ◽  
Evangelos Koustas ◽  
Stamatios Theocharis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common types of malignant mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, with an estimated incidence of 1.5/100.000 per year and 1–2% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. About 75–80% of patients have mutations in the KIT gene in exons 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 5–10% of patients have mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor a (PDGFRA) gene in exons 12, 14, 18. Moreover, 10–15% of patients have no mutations and are classified as wild type GIST. The treatment for metastatic or unresectable GISTs includes imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. So far, GIST therapies have raised great expectations and offered patients a better quality of life, but increased pharmacological resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is often observed. New treatment options have emerged, with ripretinib, avapritinib, and cabozantinib getting approvals for these tumors. Nowadays, immune checkpoint inhibitors form a new landscape in cancer therapeutics and have already shown remarkable responses in various tumors. Studies in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma are very encouraging as these inhibitors have increased survival rates. The purpose of this review is to present alternative approaches for the treatment of the GIST patients, such as combinations of immunotherapy and novel inhibitors with traditional therapies (tyrosine kinase inhibitors).

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metastasis of a GIST: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Olga D. Savvidou ◽  
George D. Chloros ◽  
Georgios D. Agrogiannis ◽  
Penelope Korkolopoulou ◽  
Georgios N. Panagopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Soft Tissue Metastasis ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Metastasis ◽  
Muscle Metastasis

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common malignant mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common sites of metastasis are the liver and the peritoneum, whereas metastasis to soft tissue is rare. The authors present the case of a 78-year-old male with a soft tissue metastasis of a GIST and the current literature is reviewed.

Imatinib in the Management of Multiple Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Associated With a Germline KIT K642E Mutation

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393-1396
Author(s):  
Janet Graham ◽  
Maria Debiec-Rychter ◽  
Christopher L. Corless ◽  
Robin Reid ◽  
Rosemarie Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Pdgfra Gene ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Esophageal Tumors ◽  
Exon 11 ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gut and are distinguished by expression of CD117 (c-Kit). Oncogenic mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA gene are detected in approximately 85% of sporadic GISTs. In recent years, examples of familial GIST have been reported in which germline mutations of KIT or PDGFRA result in multiple GISTs, skin disorders, and other abnormalities. The most common germline mutations are in KIT exon 11, mutations in exons 8 and 17 have also been described, and there are 2 families with germline PDGFRA mutations. We present a case in which a germline KIT exon 13 mutation (K642E) was discovered in a patient with multiple GISTs of rectum, small intestine, and esophagus, as well as diffuse hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Cajal. To our knowledge, this is only the second germline example of this particular mutation. The patient's esophageal tumors were stabilized with imatinib.

scholarly journals Gastric schwannoma: a benign tumor often misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurva S. Shah ◽  
Pravin M. Rathi ◽  
Vaibhav S. Somani ◽  
Astha M. Mulani
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Gastric Schwannoma ◽  
Gastric Mass

Gastric schwannomas are rare mesenchymal tumors that arise from the nerve plexus of gut wall. They present with nonspecific symptoms and are often detected incidentally. Preoperative investigation is not pathognomic and many are therefore misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We report a rare case of a 37-year old woman who underwent laparotomy for complex bilateral ovarian cyst with resection of gastric-gastrointestinal stromal tumor preoperatively, but confirmed to have a gastric schwannomas postoperatively. This case underscores the differential diagnosis of submucosal, exophytic gastric mass as schwannoma.

scholarly journals The importance of molecular biology in development, prognosis, treatment and resistance to targeted therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Alessandro Comandone ◽  
Elisa Berno ◽  
Simona Chiadò Cutin ◽  
Antonella Boglione
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Kit Mutation ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Receive Treatment

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the commonest mesenchymal tumors of the gastroenteric tract, and are generally believed to originate from the neoplastic transformation of the interstitial cells of Cajal, the pacemaker structures of the stomach and intestine. Exon and genetic mutations (point/deletions) are fundamental for the development of GISTs: the constitutional characteristic of this neoplasm is the presence of the cell surface Kit receptor. Kit is the product of the proto-oncogene cKit, situated in chromosome 4. Ninety-eight percent of GISTs express mutated isoforms of Kit or of PDGFRA (Platelet growth factor receptor a). Kit mutation is the basic condition for autophosphorylation of tyrosine kinase residues in proteins. Autophosphorylation initiates pathogenetic processes in Cajal cells, toward a neoplastic transformation. Imatinib mesilate and, more recently, sunitinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, specific antagonists for Kit and PDGFRA, with good activity against GISTs. Most molecular and clinical data currently available concern imatinib. Exon mutations are strategic as prognostic and as predictive factors. In recent years, much evidence suggests that survival, response to therapy and resistance to imatinib are related to different mutations. In the near future, GIST patients will receive treatment differentiated by expressed Kit and PDGFRA mutations, thus truly individualized therapy.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): From Science to Targeted Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sarmiento ◽  
P. Bonginelli ◽  
F. Cacciamani ◽  
F. Salerno ◽  
G. Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Imatinib Resistant ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs represent a distinct category of tumors characterized by oncogenic mutations of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase in a majority of patients. KIT is useful not only for the diagnosis but also for targeted therapy of this disease. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is widely used in advanced and metastatic GISTs. This agent revolutionized the treatment strategy of advanced disease and is being tested in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings with encouraging results. New therapeutic agents like sunitinib have now been approved, enriching the treatment scenario for imatinib-resistant GISTs. The present review reports on the peculiar characteristics of this disease through its biology and molecular patterns, focusing on the predictive value of KIT mutations and their correlation with clinical outcome as well as on the activity of and resistance to approved targeted drugs.

Large Omental Metastases of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Povilas Ignatavičius ◽  
Tomas Petraitis ◽  
Žilvinas Saladžinskas ◽  
Lilija Butkevičienė ◽  
Kristina Žvinienė
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare tumors, originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal. They are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Metastatic tumor is treated with imatinib mesylate. A case of large metastases of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor to the omentum, diagnosis and treatment principles are presented in this case report.

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