scholarly journals The nasal mucosal late allergic reaction to grass pollen involves type 2 inflammation (IL-5 and IL-13), the inflammasome (IL-1β), and complement

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Leaker ◽  
V A Malkov ◽  
R Mogg ◽  
M K Ruddy ◽  
G C Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

scholarly journals Pathological Roles and Clinical Usefulness of Periostin in Type 2 Inflammation and Pulmonary Fibrosis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Junya Ono ◽  
Masayuki Takai ◽  
Ayami Kamei ◽  
Yoshinori Azuma ◽  
Kenji Izuhara
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Periostin is known to be a useful biomarker for various diseases. In this article, we focus on allergic diseases and pulmonary fibrosis, for which we and others are now developing detection systems for periostin as a biomarker. Biomarker-based precision medicine in the management of type 2 inflammation and fibrotic diseases since heterogeneity is of utmost importance. Periostin expression is induced by type 2 cytokines (interleukin-4/-13) or transforming growth factor-β, and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation or interstitial lung disease, respectively, andits serum levels are correlated disease severity, prognosis and responsiveness to the treatment. We first summarise the importance of type 2 biomarker and then describe the pathological role of periostin in the development and progression of type 2 allergic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, then, we summarise the recent development of assay methods for periostin detection, and analyse the diseases in which periostin concentration is elevated in serum and local biological fluids and its usefulness as a biomarker. Furthermore, we describe recent findings of periostin as a biomarker in the use of biologics or anti-fibrotic therapy. Finally, we describe the factors that influence the change in periostin concentration under the healthy conditions.

Lung function fluctuation patterns unveil asthma and COPD phenotypes unrelated to type 2 inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Delgado-Eckert ◽  
Anna James ◽  
Delphine Meier-Girard ◽  
Maciej Kupczyk ◽  
Lars I. Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation ◽  
Function Fluctuation

scholarly journals COVID-19, severe asthma and biologicals targeting type 2 inflammation: results in a third-level hospital in Madrid, Spain.

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. AB40
Author(s):  
Alicia Domínguez Estirado ◽  
Gabriela Zambrano Ibarra ◽  
Filip Skrabski ◽  
Francisco Javier De Castro Martínez ◽  
Julia De Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Mast cell and eosinophil activation during early phase of grass pollen‐induced ocular allergic reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz ◽  
Anna Lewandowska-Polak ◽  
Marzanna Jarzebska ◽  
Marek L. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Eosinophil Activation ◽  
Ocular Allergic Reaction

Chitinase 3-like-1 protects airway function despite promoting type 2 inflammation during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Mackel ◽  
Jaleesa M. Garth ◽  
MaryJane Jones ◽  
Diandra A. Ellis ◽  
Jonathan P. Blackburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Exposure to fungi can result in a wide range of comorbidities depending on the immune status of the host. Chronic exposure and reactivity to fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus can result in conditions such as severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). However, the pathophysiology of SAFS and ABPA are not well understood. Here, we report that the chitinase-like protein YKL-40 is elevated in lung lavage fluid from human asthmatics that are sensitized to fungi. Initial studies demonstrated that mice deficient in the murine ortholog of YKL-40, breast regression protein-39 (BRP-39, chitinase-3-like 1, Chi3l1), were not more susceptible to acute infection with A. fumigatus. However, in an experimental model of fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation (fungal asthma), Chi3l1-/- mice had significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Surprisingly, increased AHR in Chi3l1-/- mice occurred in the presence of significantly lower type 2 responses (decreased eosinophil numbers and decreased IL-4, IL-5, IL-33, CCL17 and CCL22 levels), although type 1 and type 17 responses were not different. Increased AHR was not associated with differences in Periodic-acid-Schiff staining of lung tissue, differences in the expression of Muc5ac and Clca3, nor differences in lung edema. Bone marrow chimera studies revealed that the presence of BRP-39 in either the hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic compartment was sufficient for controlling AHR during fungal asthma. Collectively, these results indicate that BRP-39 protects against AHR during fungal asthma despite contributing to type 2 inflammation, thus highlighting an unexpected protective role for BRP-39 in allergic fungal asthma.

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