scholarly journals Effect of loop diuretics on organic osmolytes and cell electrolytes in the renal outer medulla

1992 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-X. Beck ◽  
Masayoshi Sone ◽  
Adolf Dörge ◽  
Klaus Thurau
Keyword(s):  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Cell Electrolytes ◽  
Renal Outer Medulla

Gene expression reveals vulnerability to oxidative stress and interstitial fibrosis of renal outer medulla to nonhypertensive elevations of ANG II

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. R1219-R1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhi Yuan ◽  
Mingyu Liang ◽  
Zhizhang Yang ◽  
Elizabeth Rute ◽  
Norman Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Renal Outer Medulla

The present study was designed to determine whether nonhypertensive elevations of plasma ANG II would modify the expression of genes involved in renal injury that could influence oxidative stress and extracellular matrix formation in the renal medulla using microarray, Northern, and Western blot techniques. Sprague-Dawley rats were infused intravenously with either ANG II (5 ng · kg−1 · min−1) or vehicle for 7 days ( n = 6/group). Mean arterial pressure averaged 110 ± 0.6 mmHg during the control period and 113 ± 0.4 mmHg after ANG II. The mRNA of 1,751 genes (∼80% of all currently known rat genes) that was differentially expressed (ANG II vs. saline) in renal outer and inner medulla was determined. The results of 12 hybridizations indicated that in response to ANG II, 11 genes were upregulated and 25 were downregulated in the outer medulla, while 11 were upregulated and 13 were downregulated in the inner medulla. These differentially expressed genes, most of which were not known previously to be affected by ANG II in the renal medulla, were found to group into eight physiological pathways known to influence renal injury and kidney function. Particularly, expression of several genes would be expected to increase oxidative stress and interstitial fibrosis in the outer medulla. Western blot analyses confirmed increased expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen type IV proteins in the outer medulla. Results demonstrate that nonhypertensive elevations of plasma ANG II can significantly alter the expression of a variety of genes in the renal outer medulla and suggested the vulnerability of the renal outer medulla to the injurious effect of ANG II.

Distribution of major organic osmolytes in rabbit kidneys in diuresis and antidiuresis

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. F602-F607 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Yancey ◽  
M. B. Burg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Disturbing Function ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Compatible Osmolytes ◽  
Linear Correlations

Sorbitol, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), inositol, and betaine are organic osmolytes that accumulate in renal medullary cells. Two roles have been proposed for them: 1) that all four are “compatible osmolytes” that help regulate cell volume without disturbing function, and 2) that the methylamines (GPC and betaine) are “counteracting osmolytes,” i.e., stabilizers that offset the perturbing effects of the high urea concentration. To test these hypotheses we have measured the osmolyte gradients in diuresis and antidiuresis in rabbit kidneys cut in 7 sections along the corticopapillary axis. In both antidiuresis and diuresis, inositol was highest in the outer medulla and decreased toward the tip of the inner medulla. In antidiuresis, contents of sodium, urea, sorbitol, GPC, and betaine increased monotonically toward the tip of the inner medulla. All osmolytes were significantly lower in diuresis compared with antidiuresis in two or more kidney sections. Urea, GPC, and sorbitol had the greatest differences between the two states. The sum of the four (mainly intracellular) compatible osmolytes showed a strong linear correlation with Na (presumably mostly extracellular), with a similar slope in both states, consistent with the compatible osmolytes hypothesis. Considering the osmolytes individually, only two linear correlations were highly significant and had similar slopes in both diuresis and antidiuresis: betaine with Na and GPC with urea. The latter is consistent with the counteracting osmolytes hypothesis, suggesting that GPC is the main agent stabilizing against urea in the renal medulla.

scholarly journals Ureteral obstruction decreases ATP dependent H+-pump activity of rabbit renal outer medulla.

1990 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
HIROYOSHI KANEMITSU ◽  
SET SASAKI ◽  
TAKASHI AKIBA ◽  
FUMIAKI MARUMO
Keyword(s):  
Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Renal Outer Medulla

scholarly journals Stimulatory effect of guanine nucleotides on prostaglandin E1 binding to murine renal outer medulla.

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro KIMURA ◽  
Nobuko FUJIWARA ◽  
Manabu NEGISHI ◽  
Kimio YATSUNAMI ◽  
Atsushi ICHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Guanine Nucleotides ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Renal Outer Medulla

Metabolism of lactate and pyruvate in dog renal outer medulla

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. xxiv-xxv
Author(s):  
G. Baverel ◽  
M. Forissier ◽  
M. Pellet ◽  
G. Baverel
Keyword(s):  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Renal Outer Medulla
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