scholarly journals Potassium bicarbonate, but not sodium bicarbonate, reduces urinary calcium excretion and improves calcium balance in healthy men

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Lemann ◽  
Richard W. Gray ◽  
Joan A. Pleuss
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Healthy Men

Update – Kalziumstoffwechsel

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132
Author(s):  
Christof Schöfl
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Free Calcium Concentration

AbstractA finely balanced control system keeps the extracellular calcium concentration within narrow limits. Disorders of calcium metabolism are often based on altered parathormone levels. Symptoms are not always clear, sometimes they are even missing: the more it is important to know possible associated diseases. The author presents basics, current diagnostics and concrete therapy options. Central hormone for the regulation of the calcium balance is the parathyroid hormone. With decreasing calcium, PTH leads to an increase in extracellular free calcium concentration in three ways. The classic symptoms of pHPT (polyuria, polydipsia, “stone, leg, and stomach pain”) are rare now, as the condition is diagnosed much earlier. Treatment of choice in all symptomatic patients with pHPT is surgery. FHH and pHPT are both characterized by hypercalcaemia and increased parathyroid hormone. The differential diagnosis of urinary calcium excretion, which is usually lower in FHH but normal or elevated in pHPT, is crucial. In primary hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid failure interferes with calcium homeostasis at a central location. Consequences are hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia and lack of active vitamin D. Due to increased urinary calcium excretion, patients with ADH are at high risk for kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis and the development of renal insufficiency. Recently, rhPTH 1-84 has been available for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. However, long-term data is still lacking to provide a safe indication, considering potential effects and side effects.

The effect of diabetes mellitus on urinary calcium excretion in pregnant rats and their offspring

1995 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Birdsey ◽  
S M Husain ◽  
H O Garland ◽  
C P Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Total Body Calcium

Abstract The effect of maternal diabetes mellitus on renal calcium excretion in pregnant rats and their offspring has been examined in order to ascertain the role of the kidney in the disturbed calcium homeostasis of infants born to diabetic mothers. Diabetic pregnant (DP) rats exhibited severe hypercalciuria which greatly exceeded the urinary calcium losses (UCaV) in non-diabetic pregnant (CP) or non-pregnant diabetic (D) rats. Means ± s.e.m. for UCaV at day 21 (mmol/24 h) were: DP=1·12± 0·09 (n=7); CP=0·06±0·01 (n=7); D=0·63±0·06 (n=7) (P<0·001 DP vs CP and DP vs D). The profile for urinary calcium excretion in the three groups was different from that of other measured ions. The degree of natriuresis, for example, was comparable in DP and D rats at all stages studied. Although magnesium output was significantly greater in DP than D rats on days 14 and 21, this appeared to result from an additive effect of the magnesiuresis seen when pregnancy and diabetes were studied separately. The marked renal calcium wasting of diabetic pregnancy will have implications for overall calcium balance in the mother. For example, an enhanced intestinal calcium absorption was seen in DP rats in the second half of gestation. Means ± s.e.m. for day 21 (mmol/24 h) were: DP=3·8±0·8 (n=7); CP=1·4±0·3 (n=7); D=1·6±0·3 (n=7) (P<0·05 DP vs CP and DP vs D). The hypercalciuria may also contribute to the disturbed calcium homeostasis of the neonate if it reduces the amount of calcium available for transfer to the fetus. In contrast to their mothers, the offspring of DP rats did not show a raised UCaV compared with CP pups. Means ± s.e.m. at day 1 postpartum (nmol/2 h per pup) were: DP=47·2±15·7 (n=4 litters); CP=72·2±14·1 (n=7 litters) (not significant). Changes in neonatal renal function are therefore unlikely to contribute to their disturbed calcium balance. In fact, their slightly reduced urinary calcium output may be an attempt to compensate for their lowered total body calcium as reported elsewhere. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 145, 11–18

Effects of excess protein, sodium and potassium on acute and chronic urinary calcium excretion in young women

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Whiting ◽  
Timothy J Green ◽  
Evelyn P MacKenzie ◽  
Shawna J Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Adolescents with anorexia nervosa have decreased calcium absorption and increased urinary calcium excretion

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Steven A. Abrams ◽  
Tomas J. Silber ◽  
Nora V. Esteban ◽  
Nancy E. Vieira ◽  
Mansoud Majd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Excretion

Determinants and outcomes associated with urinary calcium excretion in chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Maria Clarissa Tio ◽  
Ashish Verma ◽  
Insa M Schmidt ◽  
Titilayo O Ilori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Egfr Decline

Abstract Context Abnormalities in calcium metabolism are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diminished urinary calcium excretion may promote vascular calcification, and increased urinary calcium excretion may lead to nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, conditions associated with CKD. Objective To study predictors of urinary calcium excretion and its association with adverse clinical outcomes in CKD. Design, Setting and Patients This study assessed 3,768 non-dialysis participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study from April 2003 to September 2008. Participants were followed up to October 2018. Exposure Clinically plausible predictors of urinary calcium excretion and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion at baseline. Main Outcome Measures Urinary calcium excretion; incident end stage kidney disease (ESKD), CKD progression (50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline or incident ESKD), all-cause mortality, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. Results eGFR was positive correlated with 24-hour urinary calcium excretion. The variables most strongly associated with 24-hour urinary calcium excretion were 24-hour urinary sodium (β=0.19 and 0.28 in males and females), serum parathyroid hormone (β=-0.22 and -0.20), loop diuretics (β=0.36 and 0.26), thiazide diuretics (β=-0.49 and -0.53), and self-identified black race (β=-0.23 and -0.27). Lower urinary calcium excretion was associated with greater risks of outcomes, but these associations were greatly attenuated or nullified after adjustment for baseline eGFR. Conclusion Urinary calcium excretion is markedly lower in individuals with CKD compared to general population. Determinants of urinary calcium excretion differed between sexes and levels of CKD. Significant associations between urinary calcium excretion and adverse clinical events were substantially confounded by eGFR.

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