scholarly journals Role of prostaglandins in the regulation of renal water excretion

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Kramer ◽  
Kilian Glänzer ◽  
Rainer Düsing
Keyword(s):  
Water Excretion ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

Antagonists of the antidiuretic activity of vasopressin

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. F165-F177 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Kinter ◽  
W. F. Huffman ◽  
F. L. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Renal Responses ◽  
Renal Water Excretion ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Competitive antagonists of the antidiuretic (ADH) activity of vasopressin were first described some six years ago. When studied in vitro, ADH antagonists displace vasopressin from specific renal binding sites and antagonize, in a competitive fashion, vasopressin stimulation of adenylate cyclase and transepithelial water, salt, and urea fluxes. When studied in vivo, the ADH antagonists increase renal water excretion and antagonize, in a competitive fashion, the ADH activity of vasopressin. Marked species heterogeneity is apparent with ADH antagonists in vivo, and inconsistencies between in vitro and in vivo findings within the same species are reported. Other renal responses associated with administration of ADH antagonists include changes in renal hemodynamics and renal salt and urea excretion. The effects on salt excretion appear to be limited to those species in which vasopressin stimulation of epithelial salt reabsorption has been demonstrated. In summary, the role of vasopressin as the principal factor regulating renal water handling is supported by experience with ADH receptor antagonists. However, that experience also indicates the emerging significance of autocoids, and other synergistic factors, to affect ADH receptor/effector mechanisms and to modulate renal ADH responses.

Elevation of Plasma Vasopressin in Spontaneous Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Hampton ◽  
A Esack ◽  
RC Peatfield ◽  
PJ Grant
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Antidiuretic Effect ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

Vasopressin is a vasoactive hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary. At low concentration its role is in regulating renal water excretion, but at higher concentrations it has a number of extrarenal actions, including effects on blood flow. To investigate the role of vasopressin in spontaneous migraine, paired samples were collected from 14 subjects (a) during an acute attack of spontaneous migraine, and (b) when symptom-free for at least seven days. During an attack, vasopressin was consistently raised (median (range) 3.5 (1.2–9.6) pg/ml v 0.5 (0.5–1.1) pg/ml, p < 0.001). The highest vasopressin concentration occurred in the only patient who vomited. The results suggest vasopressin rises during an attack of spontaneous migraine, and this may, in part, be related to emesis. In the majority, vasopressin levels only rose sufficiently to have some renal antidiuretic effect, although in some these levels could have been sufficient to cause alteration in peripheral blood flow. Release of vasopressin may be responsible for the facial pallor and antidiuresis observed in migraine.

Impaired Renal Water Excretion in Liver Cirrhosis the Role of Reduced Distal Delivery of Sodium

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gatta ◽  
L. Caregaro ◽  
P. Angeli ◽  
C. Merkel ◽  
F. Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Renal Water Excretion ◽  
Distal Delivery

The influence of vasopressin on oxytocin-induced changes in urine flow in the male rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Forshing ◽  
M.J. Brimble ◽  
R. J. Balment
Keyword(s):  
Urine Flow ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Renal Receptor ◽  
Diuretic Response ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

Abstract. Oxytocin administration in rats infused with hypotonic saline is associated with a saliuresis and altered renal water excretion. The role of vasopressin in determining the pattern of oxytocin-induced changes in urine flow was investigated in Long Evans and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats, which exhibit contrasting diuretic and antidiuretic responses to oxytocin. Ethanol anaesthesia and water loading in Long Evans suppressed plasma vasopressin levels and was associated with an antidiuretic response to oxytocin. Vasopressin administration in the Brattleboro rat reversed the oxytocin-induced antidiuresis normally observed in vasopressin dificiency. These results taken with previous observations, have been interpreted as indicative that oxytocin acts as a weak agonist at the renal vasopressin receptor. When plasma vasopressin is suppressed or absent oxytocin acts as a weak antidiuretic agent, but in the presence of higher vasopressin levels a diuretic response to oxytocin is seen which follows displacement of vasopressin, the more potent antidiuretic agent, from the renal receptor.

Lack of effect of chronic renal denervation on altered sodium reabsorption during increased ureteral pressure

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Wilson ◽  
M. Cusimano ◽  
U. Honrath
Keyword(s):  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Renal Nerve Activity

The role of the renal nerves in the altered sodium reabsorption which occurs during increased ureteral pressure was studied using clearance techniques in anaesthetized rats undergoing diuresis induced by isotonic saline infusion. In rats with a sham denervated kidney, an ipsilateral increase in ureteral pressure to 20 cm H2O resulted in a marked and significant decrease in sodium and water excretion, increased fractional sodium reabsorption, and increased urine osmolality with no significant change in glomerular filtration rate. A similar significant ipsilateral increase in tubular reabsorption of sodium occurred in rats with chronically denervated kidneys during increased ureteral pressure. The changes in tubular reabsorption were rapidly reversible after return of ureteral pressure to normal. These experiments indicate that enhanced tubular reabsorption of sodium during an ipsilateral increase in ureteral pressure is not mediated by increased renal nerve activity. During the antinatriuresis of increased ureteral pressure there was a decrease in the fractional reabsorption of sodium from the opposite normal kidney. The role of the renal nerves in this compensatory change in function in the opposite kidney was studied in two further groups of animals. The renal response to a contralateral increase in ureteral pressure was similar in denervated and sham-denervated kidneys. The results indicate that altered renal nerve activity, through ipsilateral or contralateral renorenal reflexes, is not responsible for the changes in tubular reabsorption of sodium which occur during increased ureteral pressure induced by partial ureteral obstruction.

Effect of a selective octapeptide analogue of somatostatin on renal water excretion in the dog

Metabolism ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Mountokalakis ◽  
Mortimer Levy
Keyword(s):  
Water Excretion ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

Contributions of glomerular and tubular mechanisms to antidiuresis in conscious domestic fowl

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. F842-F850 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Stallone ◽  
E. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Avian Kidney ◽  
Combined Actions ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Renal Water Excretion

Recently developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques were employed in a quantitative investigation of the renal actions of the avian antidiuretic hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) in the conscious domestic fowl. Constant intravenous infusion of AVT at doses of 0.125-1.00 ng X kg-1 X min-1 was used to produce plasma AVT (PAVT) concentrations (verified by RIA) over the entire range of physiological PAVT levels in the domestic fowl. Comparison of the dose-response relationships between PAVT and glomerular and tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis revealed that tubular mechanisms are of primary importance and glomerular mechanisms of secondary importance in the conservation of water by the avian kidney. The greatest proportion of the total AVT-induced reduction in renal water excretion occurred at low physiological PAVT levels (less than 5 microU/ml), prior to any significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and appeared to be the exclusive result of tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis. At high PAVT levels (5-16 microU/ml), glomerular and tubular mechanisms overlapped, and their effects on water conservation could not be separated. Although GFR was reduced by nearly 30% at the highest dose of AVT, only minor additional amounts of water were conserved by the combined actions of glomerular and tubular mechanisms. Thus glomerular mechanisms appear to have only a minor secondary effect on water-conserving ability of the avian kidney.

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