Does adopting a prenatal substance use protocol reduce racial disparities in CPS reporting related to maternal drug use? A California case study

Migratory farm labor like other forms of migrant work both in and outside agriculture impedes on the opportunity to make choices. The following essay explores particular phases in the life of one man (a single case study) and examines how he considers turning points in his life that led to a long period of substance use, both as an immigrant in the country and as a working man in his home country, followed by a cessation of use and the beginning stages of recovery. / Para el migrante, viajar en busca de trabajo es díficil, ya sea que trabaje en agricultura o en otras labores. Este ensayo examina ciertas etapas en la vida de un hombre (estudio de un solo caso) que examina los cambios que le han ocurrido durante un período en que él consumía grandes cantidades de alcohol en los estados y en su país, seguido por un período de sobriedad (no tomaba alcohol, no usaba drogas) en este país en que él comienza una etapa de rehabilitación.

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Mother and father adolescent relationships and substance use in the Niger delta: a case study of twenty-five (25) communities in Yenagoa local government of Bayelsa state, Nigeria

Sociology International Journal ◽

10.15406/sij.2018.02.00097 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Raimi Morufu Olalekan ◽

Abdulraheem Aishat Funmilayo ◽

Edet M Abasiekong

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Local Government ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Adolescent Relationships

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Substance Use Portrayal in Oscar-nominated Movies

Current Drug Research Reviews ◽

10.2174/2589977512999201116155714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽

Felipe Gil ◽

Antonio Ventriglio ◽

Julio Torales ◽

Ligia Florio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Media Content ◽

Media Content Analysis ◽

Monitoring Drug ◽

And Gender ◽

Multiple Drugs ◽

Gender Convergence

Background: As one of the forms of media and art most consumed in the world, Oscar-nominated movies should have their drug use representation monitored because of possibly influencing but also reflecting society’s behavior. Objective: To investigate drug use representation in scenes from movies nominated for the Academy Awards (Oscar) from 2008-2011, through media content analysis. Methods: 437 scenes from Oscar-nominated movies (best film, best actor and best actress categories) showing drug consumption and/or its effects were assessed. Each drug represented and identified in a given scene (i.e., drug use incident) was counted as a unit for the present study (n = 515). Survey settings were used to control for over- or under-estimation of the prevalence of a variable in a given year or movie. Results: All the Oscar-nominated movies portrayed at least one scene of drug use. There was a massive predominance of alcohol and tobacco in movies, with a high use among men who also use drugs, habitually or occasionally, but related to stress/tension, predominantly at home. However, there was a significant progressive increase in the use of drugs other than alcohol and tobacco, multiple drugs, and by women. Conclusion: These findings echo epidemiological studies on substance use in western countries, an overall trend towards greater home drug use representation and gender convergence since 1970, which increased since 2000. Monitoring drug use representation in Oscar-nominated movies may represent an important public health tool.

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Does the Presence of On-Site Medical Services at Outdoor Music Festivals Affect Attendees’ Planned Alcohol and Recreational Drug Use?

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x21000613 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Alison Hutton ◽

Matthew Brendan Munn ◽

Sydney White ◽

Peter Kara ◽

Jamie Ranse

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Great Majority ◽

Safety Net ◽

Medical Services ◽

Future Research ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Recreational Drugs ◽

Mandatory Requirement ◽

Recreational Drug Use

Abstract Background: Dedicated on-site medical services have long been recommended to improve health outcomes at mass-gathering events (MGEs). In many countries, they are being reviewed as a mandatory requirement. While it is known that perceptions of risk shape substance use plans amongst outdoor music festival (OMF) attendees, it is unclear if attendees perceive the presence of on-site medical services as a part of the safety net. The aim of this paper is to better understand whether attendees’ perceptions of on-site medical services influence high-risk behaviors like alcohol and recreational drug use at OMFs. Method: A questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of attendees entering and attending two separate 20,000-person OMFs; one in Canada (Festival A) and one in New Zealand (Festival B). Responses focused on demographics, planned alcohol and recreational drug use, perceptions of medical services, and whether the absence of medical services would impact attendees’ planned substance use. Results: A total of 851 (587 and 264 attendees for Festival A and Festival B, respectively) attendees consented and participated. Gender distribution was equal and average ages were 23 to 25. At Festival A, 48% and 89% planned to use alcohol and recreational drugs, respectively, whereas at Festival B, it was 92% and 44%. A great majority were aware and supportive of the presence of medical services at both festivals, and a moderate number considered them a factor in attendance and something they would not attend without. There was significant (>10%) agreement (range 11%-46%; or 2,200-9,200 attendees for a 20,000-person festival) at both festivals that the absence of medical services would affect attendees’ planned use of alcohol and recreational drugs. Conclusions: This study found that attendees surveyed at two geographically and musically distinct OMFs had high but differing rates of planned alcohol and recreational drug use, and that the presence of on-site medical services may impact attendees’ perceptions of substance use risk. Future research will aim to address the limitations of this study to clarify these findings and their implications.

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Interactions of neuroimmune signaling and glutamate plasticity in addiction

Journal of Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1186/s12974-021-02072-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cassandra D. Gipson ◽

Scott Rawls ◽

Michael D. Scofield ◽

Benjamin M. Siemsen ◽

Emma O. Bondy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Glutamate Signaling ◽

Open Questions ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Glutamate System ◽

Chronic Use

AbstractChronic use of drugs of abuse affects neuroimmune signaling; however, there are still many open questions regarding the interactions between neuroimmune mechanisms and substance use disorders (SUDs). Further, chronic use of drugs of abuse can induce glutamatergic changes in the brain, but the relationship between the glutamate system and neuroimmune signaling in addiction is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to bring into focus the role of neuroimmune signaling and its interactions with the glutamate system following chronic drug use, and how this may guide pharmacotherapeutic treatment strategies for SUDs. In this review, we first describe neuroimmune mechanisms that may be linked to aberrant glutamate signaling in addiction. We focus specifically on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, a potentially important neuroimmune mechanism that may be a key player in driving drug-seeking behavior. We highlight the importance of astroglial-microglial crosstalk, and how this interacts with known glutamatergic dysregulations in addiction. Then, we describe the importance of studying non-neuronal cells with unprecedented precision because understanding structure-function relationships in these cells is critical in understanding their role in addiction neurobiology. Here we propose a working model of neuroimmune-glutamate interactions that underlie drug use motivation, which we argue may aid strategies for small molecule drug development to treat substance use disorders. Together, the synthesis of this review shows that interactions between glutamate and neuroimmune signaling may play an important and understudied role in addiction processes and may be critical in developing more efficacious pharmacotherapies to treat SUDs.

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Risk of preterm and early term birth by maternal drug use

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/s41372-018-0299-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 286-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rebecca J. Baer ◽

Christina D. Chambers ◽

Kelli K. Ryckman ◽

Scott P. Oltman ◽

Larry Rand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Term Birth ◽

Early Term ◽

Maternal Drug Use

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Adolescent religiousness and its influence on substance use: preliminary findings from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study

Twin Research ◽

10.1375/twin.2.2.156 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 156-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Brian M D'Onofrio ◽

Lenn Murrelle ◽

Lindon J Eaves ◽

Michael E McCullough ◽

Jessica L Landis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Problem Behavior ◽

Twin Study ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Population Based ◽

Spiritual Practices ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

School Age ◽

Attitudes And Practices

AbstractResearch has consistently shown that religiousness is associated with lower levels of alcohol and drug use, but little is known about the nature of adolescent religiousness or the mechanisms through which it influences problem behavior in this age group. This paper presents preliminary results from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study, a prospective, population-based study of 6–18-year-old twins and their mothers. Factor analysis of a scale developed to characterize adolescent religiousness, the Religious Attitudes and Practices Inventory (RAPI), revealed three factors: theism, religious/spiritual practices, and peer religiousness. Twin correlations and univariate behavior-genetic models for these factors and a measure of belief that drug use is sinful reveal in 357 twin pairs that common environmental factors significantly influence these traits, but a minor influence of genetic factors could not be discounted. Correlations between the multiple factors of adolescent religiousness and substance use, comorbid problem behavior, mood disorders, and selected risk factors for substance involvement are also presented. Structural equation modeling illustrates that specific religious beliefs about the sinfulness of drugs and level of peer religiousness mediate the relationship between theistic beliefs and religious/spiritual practices on substance use. Limitations and future analyses are discussed.

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