scholarly journals The impact of changes in preterm birth among twins on stillbirth and infant mortality in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Getahun ◽  
K Demissie ◽  
S W Marcella ◽  
G G Rhoads
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact

Infant Mortality among Adolescent Mothers in the United States: A 5-Year Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Moore ◽  
Anne E. Brisendine ◽  
Martha S. Wingate
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Postneonatal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective This study was aimed to examine differences in infant mortality outcomes across maternal age subgroups less than 20 years in the United States with a specific focus on racial and ethnic disparities. Study Design Using National Center for Health Statistics cohort-linked live birth–infant death files (2009-2013) in this cross-sectional study, we calculated descriptive statistics by age (<15, 15–17, and 18–19 years) and racial/ethnic subgroups (non-Hispanic white [NHW], non-Hispanic black [NHB], and Hispanic) for infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated by race/ethnicity and age. Preterm birth and other maternal characteristics were included as covariates. Results Disparities were greatest for mothers <15 and NHB mothers. The risk of infant mortality among mothers <15 years compared to 18 to 19 years was higher regardless of race/ethnicity (NHW: aOR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.85; NHB: aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.56; Hispanic: aOR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.07–1.74). Compared to NHW mothers, NHB mothers had a consistently higher risk of infant mortality (15–17 years: aOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21; 18–19 years: aOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15–1.27), while Hispanic mothers had a consistently lower risk (15–17 years: aOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66–0.78; 18–19 years: aOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.70–0.78). Adjusting for preterm birth had a greater influence than maternal characteristics on observed group differences in mortality. For neonatal and postneonatal mortality, patterns of disparities based on age and race/ethnicity differed from those of overall infant mortality. Conclusion Although infants born to younger mothers were at increased risk of mortality, variations by race/ethnicity and timing of death existed. When adjusted for preterm birth, differences in risk across age subgroups declined and, for some racial/ethnic groups, disappeared. Key Points

Stress Processes in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Dunkel Schetter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Important Health Issue ◽  
In Pregnancy

Preterm birth (PTB) is of epidemic proportions in the United States, particularly among African Americans. Its consequences range from risk of infant mortality to lifelong disease and disability. Stress is a contributor to preterm labor and delivery. This article summarizes research on stress as a risk factor for PTB. As is evident in considering the complex mechanisms, psychological science has much to contribute to addressing this important health issue.

scholarly journals Preterm Birth in the United States: The Impact of Stressful Life Events Prior to Conception and Maternal Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (S1) ◽  
pp. S73-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney P. Witt ◽  
Erika R. Cheng ◽  
Lauren E. Wisk ◽  
Kristin Litzelman ◽  
Debanjana Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
The Impact

The Contribution of Preterm Birth to Infant Mortality Rates in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1566-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Callaghan ◽  
M. F. MacDorman ◽  
S. A. Rasmussen ◽  
C. Qin ◽  
E. M. Lackritz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates

Flower Power: Assessing the Impact of the Magnolia Project on Reducing Poor Birth Outcomes in an At-Risk Neighborhood

2005 ◽  
Vol os-22 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Jeffry A. Will ◽  
Irma Hall ◽  
Tim Cheney ◽  
Maura Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

The past decade has seen tremendous improvements in the health status of children in the United States. In 1992, the infant mortality rate in the United States was at 8.5 per 1,000 live births. By 2002 that figure had declined to 6.9. However, the infant mortality rate for Jacksonville/Duval County in Northeast Florida has consistently remained higher than both the national and state rates, particularly for minority populations. The Magnolia Project was developed by a consortium of local health care providers and concerned community agencies to address racial disparities in birth outcomes. The Magnolia Project provides well-woman clinic and case management services to women in the childbearing years residing in the urban core, where infant mortality is highest. In this paper, we examine the Magnolia Project to assess the impact that this initiative has made on the target community in providing health services and prevention strategies to reduce poor birth outcomes. Included in such services are strategies aimed at reducing factors associated with infant mortality. These strategies have resulted in improved birth outcomes for women associated with the Magnolia Project, including a low incidence of infant mortality and low birth weight babies for participants.

Trends in Preterm-Related Infant Mortality by Race and Ethnicity, United States, 1999–2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian F. MacDorman ◽  
William M. Callaghan ◽  
T. J. Mathews ◽  
Donna L. Hoyert ◽  
Kenneth D. Kochanek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Hispanic White

Trends in preterm-related causes of death were examined by maternal race and ethnicity. A grouping of preterm-related causes of infant death was created by identifying causes that were a direct cause or consequence of preterm birth. Cause-of-death categories were considered to be preterm-related when 75 percent or more of total infant deaths attributed to that cause were deaths of infants born preterm, and the cause was considered to be a direct consequence of preterm birth based on a clinical evaluation and review of the literature. In 2004, 36.5 percent of all infant deaths in the United States were preterm-related, up from 35.4 percent in 1999. The preterm-related infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic black mothers was 3.5 times higher and the rate for Puerto Rican mothers was 75 percent higher than for non-Hispanic white mothers. The preterm-related infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic black mothers was higher than the total infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic white, Mexican, and Asian or Pacific Islander mothers. The leveling off of the U.S. infant mortality decline since 2000 has been attributed in part to an increase in preterm and low-birthweight births. Continued tracking of preterm-related causes of infant death will improve our understanding of trends in infant mortality in the United States.

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