scholarly journals Opioids and clonidine modulate cytokine production and opioid receptor expression in neonatal immune cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chavez-Valdez ◽  
L Kovell ◽  
R Ahlawat ◽  
G L McLemore ◽  
M Wills-Karp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Receptor Expression

scholarly journals Probiotic consortia improve anti-viral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Lehtinen ◽  
Ritesh Kumar ◽  
Bryan Zabel ◽  
Sanna M Makela ◽  
Derek Nedveck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Viral Receptor ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Stimulation Of

Probiotics have been suggested as one solution to counter detrimental health effects by SARS-CoV-2, however, data so far is scarce. We tested the effect of two probiotic consortia, OL-1 and OL-2, against SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets and assessed their effect on cytokine production and transcriptome in a human monocyte-derived macrophage (Mf) and dendritic cell (DC) model. The results showed that the consortia significantly reduced the viral load, modulated immune response, and regulated viral receptor expression in ferrets compared to placebo. In human Mf and DC model, OL-1 and OL-2 induced cytokine production and genes related to SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral immunity. The study results indicate that probiotic stimulation of the ferret immune system leads to improved anti-viral immunity against SARS-COV-2 and that critical genes and cytokines for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity are stimulated in human immune cells in vitro. The effect of the consortia against SARS-CoV-2 warrants further investigations in human clinical trials.

scholarly journals A15 MICROBES MEDIATE FIBER-INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN IBD

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
H Armstrong ◽  
R Dickner ◽  
A Rieger ◽  
I K Mander ◽  
J Jerasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production

Abstract Background The etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains unknown, although gut microorganisms and diet have been implicated. Dietary fibers pass through the bowel undigested and are fermented within the intestine by microbes, promoting gut health. However, many IBD patients describe experiencing sensitivity to fibres. Interestingly, fiber receptors on immune cells are able to interact with fibers typically found on the surface of fungal cells (which share properties with dietary fibers), for example, resulting in a paradoxical pro-inflammatory response. Aims As an altered microbial composition is a hallmark of IBD, we hypothesized that the loss of fiber fermenting-microbes populating the IBD gut could lead to dietary fibers not being efficiently broken down into their beneficial biproducts, resulting in binding of intact fibers to pro-inflammatory host cell receptors. This can ultimately drive pro-inflammatory responses and a microenvironment that promotes continued dysbiosis and increased pathogenicity of select microbes, as observed in IBD. Methods Fiber receptor expression gut was examined using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry and demonstrated elevated receptor expression due to increased presence of immune cells in IBD patient biopsies. Cytokine secretion, in response to fiber (5mg/mL) or pre-fermented fibers, cultured with microbes of interest, was measured by ELISAs in cell lines in vitro and biopsy tissues cultured ex vivo. Results Whole-fibers induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophage, monocytes, and neutrophils. Specific microbes were capable of fermenting fiber, measured by gas chromatography. Pre-fermentation of fibers by these microbes reduced inflammatory cytokine production. The fiber oligofructose increased IL-1β in pediatric CD (n=44) and UC (n=29) biopsies cultured ex vivo but not in non-IBD (n=25). The increase was greater in patients with more severe disease. Pre-fermentation of oligofructose by bacteria reduced this secretion of IL-1β. Whole-microbe intestinal washes from severe IBD patients were unable to ferment oligofructose or reduce fiber-associated inflammation in macrophage cells compared to remission or non-IBD children. Statistical analysis of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data on fiber consumption demonstrated that fiber-associated inflammation in patient biopsies cultured ex vivo (ELISA and qPCR) correlated with fiber avoidance (FFQ). Conclusions Comparing in vitro findings to our patient FFQs, intestinal washes (microbe abundance), and detailed patient history will better define the relationship between microbes, dietary fibers, and gut inflammation in IBD. This will allow for tailored dietary intervention through dietary recommendations, prebiotic, and/or probiotic therapies. Funding Agencies CCCWeston Foundation, WCHRI

scholarly journals Pharmacoepigenetics of the role of DNA methylation in μ-opioid receptor expression in different human brain regions

Epigenomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Knothe ◽  
Bruno G Oertel ◽  
Alfred Ultsch ◽  
Mattias Kettner ◽  
Peter Harald Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor

μ Opioid receptor: Expression and vagotomy-induced depletion of the mRNA in medullary preganglionic neurons

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Houtani ◽  
Teizo Ueyama ◽  
Hiroshi Takeshima ◽  
Shigehisa Kato ◽  
Kazuhiko Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Preganglionic Neurons ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor

scholarly journals Regulation of Mu Opioid Receptor Expression in Developing T Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Zhang ◽  
Judith Sliker Belkowski ◽  
Tammi Briscoe ◽  
Thomas J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Mu Opioid
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