scholarly journals Sclerema neonatorum: a review of nomenclature, clinical presentation, histological features, differential diagnoses and management

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zeb ◽  
G L Darmstadt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Sclerema Neonatorum

scholarly journals Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors: an update on clinical features, molecular changes, and management

2021 ◽  
pp. ijgc-2020-002018
Author(s):  
Rehab Al Harbi ◽  
Iain A McNeish ◽  
Mona El-Bahrawy
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Tumor Subtypes ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Sex cord stromal-tumors are rare tumors of the ovary that include numerous tumor subtypes of variable histological features and biological behavior. Surgery is the main therapeutic modality for the management of these tumors, while chemotherapy and hormonal therapy may be used in some patients with progressive and recurrent tumors. Several studies investigated molecular changes in the different tumor types. Understanding molecular changes underlying the development and progression of sex cord-stromal tumors provides valuable information for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for these tumors. In this review, we provide an update on the clinical presentation, molecular changes, and management of sex cord-stromal tumors.

Meningeal melanocytoma

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Clarke ◽  
Richard Leblanc ◽  
Gilles Bertrand ◽  
Gilbert R. C. Quartey ◽  
G. Jackson Snipes
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Posterior Fossa Decompression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meningeal Melanocytoma ◽  
Radiological Appearance ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Meningeal melanocytomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system that are found almost exclusively in the posterior fossa and spinal cord and whose natural history is poorly defined. In this report, the authors review the clinical presentation, radiological appearance, operative findings, and histological features in two cases of meningeal melanocytoma: one cranial and one spinal. Two women, aged 21 and 30 years, were admitted to the hospital 60 years apart: the first because of progressive paraplegia and the second because of slowly progressive hearing loss. The first patient had an extradural tumor that was treated by laminectomy, subtotal resection, and postoperative radiotherapy in 1936. Her symptoms recurred 16 years later and she underwent reoperation of the residual tumor, which was found to have an intradural component. The authors' patient, who presented 60 years later, underwent plain and enhanced computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging that demonstrated a large posterior fossa lesion indicative of either an acoustic neuroma or a meningioma. She underwent posterior fossa decompression but only partial excision of the tumor could be accomplished because vigorous bleeding limited the extent of the resection. Surgery was followed by radiotherapy. The residual tumor enlarged despite these measures and required repeated resection 6 months later. At the second operation the tumor was much less vascular, perhaps reflecting the effects of radiotherapy, and was removed almost entirely. The patient died 6 months later from an anticoagulant-related cerebellar hemorrhage. In both cases the lesions were jet black, and histological examination revealed melanin-containing hypercellular tumors with rare mitotic figures. Meningeal melanocytomas are being diagnosed with increased frequency in parallel with improvements in neuroimaging and clarification of histological features. Clinical presentation of patients with these tumors typically occurs in their fifth decade and women are affected twice as often as men. The posterior fossa lesions can mimic acoustic neuromas and meningiomas in location and radiological appearance; however, the internal auditory canal is normal. In the spine, meningeal melanocytomas present with the clinical features of myeloradiculopathy. Diagnosis is made intraoperatively from the gross, jet-black appearance of the tumor and from histological examination. Vascularity, size, and location may render complete resection unfeasible. Because of the tumor's propensity to recur, radiotherapy has been recommended but its role remains to be elucidated.

Aids to diagnosis

2018 ◽  
pp. 977-1008
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Differential Diagnoses

‘Aids to diagnosis’ provides the reader with tools that will assist in identifying differential diagnoses according to either the clinical presentation or the clinical sign.

Aids to diagnosis

2014 ◽  
pp. 871-902
Author(s):  
Alastair K.O. Denniston ◽  
Philip I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Differential Diagnoses

‘Aids to diagnosis’ provides the reader with tools that will assist in identifying differential diagnoses according to either clinical presentation or clinical sign.

scholarly journals Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Prevalence, Clinical Presentation, Endoscopic and Histological Features

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Silvia Cosmina Drasovean ◽  
Diana Elena Morărașu ◽  
Ofelia Daniela Pascarenco ◽  
Olga Brsunic ◽  
Danusia Maria Onișor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Erosive Gastritis ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Endoscopic Findings

AbstractBackground and Aim: Gastric intestinal metaplasia represents a risk factor for intestinal type of gastric cancer. Gastric intestinal metaplasia seems to be associated with Helicobacter pilory infection in relatives of patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical, endoscopic and histological features of gastric intestinal metaplasia. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the esophagogastroduodenoscopies with biopsies performed between January 1, 2014 and October 31, 2014. Collected and analyzed data included age, gender, symptoms, endoscopic and histological findings. Results: Four hundred eighty-two patients were included in the study. One hundred thirty-seven patients had gastric intestinal metaplasia, which presented a prevalence was 28,4%. A similar distribution between gender was observed with a significant increase of gastric intestinal metaplasia with age (p=0,0001). Regarding the indication for endoscopy, the prevalence of gastric intestinal metaplasia was: 17 % among patients with dyspeptic syndrome, 2 % in patients with anemia and 5 % in patients examined for other symptoms. Endoscopic findings showed gastric intestinal metaplasia was significantly associated with atrophic gastritis (p=0.0001), erythematous gastritis (p=0.0079), while there was no association with erosive gastritis (p=0.24) and peptic ulcer (p=0.19). Conclusions: Gastric intestinal metaplasia is frequently recorded in patients undergoing in esophagogastroduodenoscopies with associated biopsies. Endoscopic findings like erythema and atrophy is strongly associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia emphasizing the importance of sampling biopsies.

scholarly journals Practice Current: When do you suspect autoimmune encephalitis and what is the role of antibody testing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Ganesh ◽  
Sarah F. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Case Based

Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is complicated by several factors, including issues with availability, sensitivity, and specificity of antibody testing, particularly with variability in assay techniques and new antibodies being rapidly identified; nonspecific findings on MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture; and competing differential diagnoses. Through case-based discussions with 3 experts from 3 continents, this article discusses the challenges of AE diagnosis, important clinical characteristics of AE, preferences for methods of autoantibody testing and interpretation, and treatment-related questions. In particular, we explore the following question: If a patient's clinical presentation seems consistent with AE but antibody testing is negative, can one still diagnose the patient with AE? Furthermore, what factors does one consider when making this determination, and should treatment proceed independent of antibody testing in suspected cases? The same case-based questions were posed to the rest of our readership in an online survey, the results of which are also presented.

Early onset systemic lupus erythematosus: differential diagnoses, clinical presentation, and treatment options

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Michael Hedrich ◽  
Hildegard Zappel ◽  
Simon Straub ◽  
Martin W. Laass ◽  
Kathrin Wieczorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Thymic Cyst Appearing in the Neck on Valsalva: Unusual Presentation of a Rare Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor V. Hegde ◽  
P. Suneetha ◽  
P. V. Pradeep ◽  
Panil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Thymic Cyst ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Thymic Cysts

Thymic cysts are usually diagnosed accidentally during radiological evaluation of the chest for unrelated conditions. Symptoms appear late when the mass compresses on adjoining tissues. We report an unusual case of asymptomatic mediastinal thymic cyst which was seen in the neck whenever the patient was asked to perform Valsalva maneuver. This case is being reported for the unusual clinical presentation of a rare disease. The role of imaging in the diagnosis and common differential diagnoses are also discussed.

Imaging of Pediatric Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-056
Author(s):  
Sinan Al-Qassab ◽  
Radhesh Lalam ◽  
Rajesh Botchu ◽  
Alberto Bazzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Imaging Feature ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions

AbstractLumps and bumps are frequently seen in children, and the vast majority are a result of trauma, infection, or inflammation. True soft tissue neoplastic lesions are rare; however, their wide and complex classifications make these lesions challenging to manage. Imaging features are usually nonspecific, and a reasonable list of differential diagnoses can be generated following consideration of the clinical presentation, age, and anatomical location of the lesion. In this article, we offer a practical approach to diagnosing such lesions by discussing the most common three benign and malignant lesions in different anatomical regions stratified by age with emphasis on certain features that might aid in the diagnosis such as depth, multiplicity, calcification, or other specific imaging feature.

Autoimmunity in gastrointestinal disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Gavin Spickett
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Sclerosing Mesenteritis ◽  
Autoimmune Enteropathy ◽  
Irritable Bowel

This chapter covers issues of autoimmunity in gastrointestinal disease. It features the clinical presentation, immunology, and testing for diagnosis and management. It features autoimmune enteropathy, achalasia, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, Whipple’s disease, Coeliac disease, sclerosing mesenteritis, pancreatitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Differential diagnoses are also highlighted where appropriate.

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