scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy for Cerebral Ischemia: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Abe ◽  
Toru Yamashita ◽  
Shunya Takizawa ◽  
Satoshi Kuroda ◽  
Hiroyuki Kinouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Brain

Recent stem cell technology provides a strong therapeutic potential not only for acute ischemic stroke but also for chronic progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with neuroregenerative neural cell replenishment and replacement. In addition to resident neural stem cell activation in the brain by neurotrophic factors, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) can be mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for homing into the brain for both neurorepair and neuroregeneration in acute stroke and neurodegenerative diseases in both basic science and clinical settings. Exogenous stem cell transplantation is also emerging into a clinical scene from bench side experiments. Early clinical trials of intravenous transplantation of autologous BMSCs are showing safe and effective results in stroke patients. Further basic sciences of stem cell therapy on a neurovascular unit and neuroregeneration, and further clinical advancements on scaffold technology for supporting stem cells and stem cell tracking technology such as magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission tomography or optical imaging with near-infrared could allow stem cell therapy to be applied in daily clinical applications in the near future.

scholarly journals Regenerative Cardiovascular Therapies: Stem Cells and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Wernly ◽  
Moritz Mirna ◽  
Richard Rezar ◽  
Christine Prodinger ◽  
Christian Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Processing

Although reperfusion therapy has improved outcomes, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still associated with both significant mortality and morbidity. Once irreversible myocardial cell death due to ischemia and reperfusion sets in, scarring leads to reduction in left ventricular function and subsequent heart failure. Regenerative cardiovascular medicine experienced a boost in the early 2000s when regenerative effects of bone marrow stem cells in a murine model of AMI were described. Translation from an animal model to stem cell application in a clinical setting was rapid and the first large trials in humans suffering from AMI were conducted. However, high initial hopes were early shattered by inconsistent results of randomized clinical trials in patients suffering from AMI treated with stem cells. Hence, we provide an overview of both basic science and clinical trials carried out in regenerative cardiovascular therapies. Possible pitfalls in specific cell processing techniques and trial design are discussed as these factors influence both basic science and clinical outcomes. We address possible solutions. Alternative mechanisms and explanations for effects seen in both basic science and some clinical trials are discussed here, with special emphasis on paracrine mechanisms via growth factors, exosomes, and microRNAs. Based on these findings, we propose an outlook in which stem cell therapy, or therapeutic effects associated with stem cell therapy, such as paracrine mechanisms, might play an important role in the future. Optimizing stem cell processing and a better understanding of paracrine signaling as well as its effect on cardioprotection and remodeling after AMI might improve not only AMI research, but also our patients’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Treating Metastatic Brain Cancers With Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sadanandan ◽  
Alex Shear ◽  
Beverly Brooks ◽  
Madeline Saft ◽  
Dorothy Anne Galang Cabantan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Stem cell therapy may present an effective treatment for metastatic brain cancer and glioblastoma. Here we posit the critical role of a leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a key element for the development of brain metastases, specifically melanoma. By reviewing the immunological and inflammatory responses associated with BBB damage secondary to tumoral activity, we identify the involvement of this pathological process in the growth and formation of metastatic brain cancers. Likewise, we evaluate the hypothesis of regenerating impaired endothelial cells of the BBB and alleviating the damaged neurovascular unit to attenuate brain metastasis, using the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) phenotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy for stem cell therapy to repair disruptions in the BBB and reduce inflammation in the brain, thereby causing attenuation of metastatic brain cancers. To establish the viability of stem cell therapy for the prevention and treatment of metastatic brain tumors, it is crucial to demonstrate BBB repair through augmentation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. BBB disruption is strongly linked to metastatic melanoma, worsens neuroinflammation during metastasis, and negatively influences the prognosis of metastatic brain cancer. Using stem cell therapy to interrupt inflammation secondary to this leaky BBB represents a paradigm-shifting approach for brain cancer treatment. In this review article, we critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell therapy for brain metastases and glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2153
Author(s):  
Farzane Sivandzade ◽  
Luca Cucullo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Conducive Environment

Neurodegenerative diseases resulting from the progressive loss of structure and/or function of neurons contribute to different paralysis degrees and loss of cognition and sensation. The lack of successful curative therapies for neurodegenerative disorders leads to a considerable burden on society and a high economic impact. Over the past 20 years, regenerative cell therapy, also known as stem cell therapy, has provided an excellent opportunity to investigate potentially powerful innovative strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This is due to stem cells’ capability to repair injured neuronal tissue by replacing the damaged or lost cells with differentiated cells, providing a conducive environment that is in favor of regeneration, or protecting the existing healthy neurons and glial cells from further damage. Thus, in this review, the various types of stem cells, the current knowledge of stem-cell-based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases, and the recent advances in this field are summarized. Indeed, a better understanding and further studies of stem cell technologies cause progress into realistic and efficacious treatments of neurodegenerative disorders.

Microphysiological stroke model for systematic evaluation of neurorestorative potential of stem cell therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonjae Lee ◽  
Zhonlin Lyu ◽  
Jon Park ◽  
Kwang-Min Kim ◽  
Hye-jin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Systematic Evaluation

Abstract Stem cell therapy is emerging as a promising treatment option to restore a neurological function after ischemic stroke. Despite the growing number of candidate stem cell types, each with unique characteristics, there is a lack of experimental platform to systematically evaluate their neurorestorative potential. When stem cells are transplanted into ischemic brain, the therapeutic efficacy primarily depends on the response of the neurovascular unit (NVU) to these extraneous cells. In this work, we developed an ischemic stroke microphysiological system (MPS) with a functional NVU on a microfluidic chip. Our new chip design facilitated the incorporated cells to form a functional blood-brain barrier (BBB) and restore their in vivo-like behaviors in both healthy and ischemic conditions. We utilized this MPS to track the transplanted stem cells and characterize their neurorestorative behaviors reflected in gene expression levels. Each type of stem cells showed unique neurorestorative effects, primarily through supporting the endogenous recovery, rather than through direct cell replacement. And the recovery of synaptic activities, critical for neurological function, was more tightly correlated with the recovery of the structural and functional integrity in NVU, rather than with the regeneration of neurons itself.

Improved neural differentiation of stem cells mediated by magnetic nanoparticle-based biophysical stimulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 4161-4168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Dai ◽  
Yingjie Hang ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Sixuan Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle

Stem cell therapy shows great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, in which efficient neural differentiation of stem cells is still challenging.

scholarly journals An Overview of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Sara Faour ◽  
Aarthi Ashok
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is referred to as a neurodegenerative disease which is a disease that targets specific brain regions and is characterized by neuronal death. PD is believed to be caused by the loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra (SN), a dopamine releasing area (Dickson, 2012). Current treatments are directed at alleviating pain symptoms and slowing down the progression of disease, however, no cure currently exists. Recent advances in stem cell therapies raise new possibilities to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into neural cells, and thus, could potentially be used to restore neurogenesis and neuroplasticity (Lunn et al., 2011). There exist several cell types that can be applied in therapy including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PD which has localized neural degeneration to the SN may serve as a better model for stem cell therapy and displays greater success when compared to other neurodegenerative diseases that spread to several brain regions (Vasic et al., 2019). This review aims to discuss the several approaches used in stem cell therapy as well as the current challenges and shortcomings of this cell-based therapy.

Progress on the Clinical Applications of Stem Cells for Thin Endometrium

Nano LIFE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 2040001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixian Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Wanli Yang ◽  
Binbin Ma ◽  
Lihua Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Thin Endometrium ◽  
Cell Implantation

Thin endometrium (TE) is a heterogeneous uterine disorder characterized by TE that results in infecundity. Patients with TE are usually associated with menstrual abnormalities and suffer from pelvic pain. A number of treatments have been employed to promote endometrial growth, but none has been validated effective. With the development of stem cell therapy, better means for TE treatment to improve endometrium, thus restoring its function become possible. Studies in TE mouse models have shown that stem cell implantation could improve pregnancy. However, the efficiency is relatively low and the safety for its clinical applications remains unclear. Here, we summarize recent progresses on the clinical application of stem cells for TE treatment, which would provide valuable references for stem cell therapy in TE patients.

Advances in stem cell therapy for brain diseases via intranasal route

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Dali ◽  
Pravin Shende
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
The Brain

: Stem cell therapy efficiently targets the brain for most of the neurological disorders like migraine, Parkinsonism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain injury. The major obstacles in potential brain targeting are the physiological barriers like blood-brain-barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The conventional injectable route or direct transplantation of stem cells results in brain injury and is less feasible clinically. The alternative to these invasive routes is the intranasal route that is non-invasive, easily repeatable technique, and highly effective in brain targeting without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Extensive research has been undertaken for the delivery of stem cells to the brain via the intranasal route that hold great potential in overcoming the existing barriers. Nanotechnology is emerging as a novel interdisciplinary filed in the arena of stem cell research. The combination of nanotechnology coupled with stem cell therapy has led to synergistic outcomes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of neurological diseases.This review provides insights into stem cell-based nanotherapy for brain targeting via the intranasal route.

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