scholarly journals Plasticity in the Rat Hippocampal Formation following Ibotenic Acid Lesion of the Septal Region: A Quantitative [14C]Deoxyglucose and Acetylcholinesterase Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Bernhard Schulz ◽  
Andreas Wree ◽  
Axel Schleicher ◽  
Karl Zilles
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Computerized Image Processing ◽  
Univariate Statistics ◽  
Bilateral Lesions

The local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in the hippocampal formation 3, 21, and 90 days after bilateral lesions of the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca by multiple ibotenic acid injections. The CMRglc was determined in hippocampal areas and layers and various limbic and visual regions by quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography using a computerized image-processing system. Three days after lesion, CMRglc was significantly decreased in 26 of the 38 structures examined. The most pronounced reductions were found in CA2 and CA3, the subiculum, and the parasubiculum. The CMRglc values of the 21- and 90-day postlesion groups did not differ significantly from control data when univariate statistics were used. However, by means of a factor analysis and subsequently a discriminant analysis as a multivariate test for group differences, significant lesion-induced CMRglc changes could be detected between the control group, the 3-day group, and the 90-day group. The 21-day group did not differ significantly from the controls. The data indicate that 90 days after lesion of the medial septum/diagonal band complex (MSDB), a considerable recovery of the mean CMRglc was found in the hippocampal region, although a normal level was not reached. In a parallel series, processing of sections for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry revealed a severe destruction of AChE-positive fibers in the hippocampus at 3 days after lesion and a conspicuous recovery in the amount of stain-able fibers and their staining intensity at 21 days postlesion. In the 90-day group, the AChE fibers recovered even further but did not reach the values of unlesioned sham-operated controls. The present study indicates that sprouting of surviving cholinergic afferents might be an important morphological substrate for CMRglc recovery in the hippocampus after MSDB lesion.

KM55 Monoclonal Antibody Staining in IgA-Dominant Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Minfang Zhang ◽  
Wenyan Zhou ◽  
Shaojun Liu ◽  
Liyin Zhang ◽  
Zhaohui Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Focal Segmental Sclerosis

Introduction: IgA-dominant infection-related glomerulonephritis (IgA-IRGN) is a unique form of IRGN, which needs to be distinguished from IgA nephropathy (IgAN), due to overlapping clinical and pathological features. The key factor in the pathogenesis of IgAN is galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1). However, the mechanism of glomerular IgA deposition in patients with IgA-IRGN is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated whether Gd-IgA1 could be a useful biomarker to distinguish between these 2 diseases. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of 12 patients with IgA-IRGN. The intensity and distribution of glomerular Gd-IgA1 (KM55) staining in renal biopsies were assessed. The control group consisted of 15 patients diagnosed with IgAN and an additional 17 patients with glomerulopathy involving IgA deposition. Results: The main clinical manifestations of patients with IgA-IRGN were nephrotic-range proteinuria, hematuria, acute renal injury, and hypocomplementemia. Active lesions were the leading pathological feature, while focal segmental sclerosis was rare. Half of the patients exhibited hump-shaped subepithelial deposits. Glomerular KM55 staining was negative in 7 patients, trace in 4 patients, and 2+ in 1 patient. The median intensity of KM55 staining in IgA-IRGN patients was 0 (range 0∼2+), which was significantly lower than that of primary IgAN patients (median 2+, range 1+∼3+). The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the optimal cutoff level to identify these 2 diseases was 0.5+. Conclusions: Glomerular KM55 staining intensity might be helpful to distinguish IgA-IRGN from primary IgAN. Weak or negative staining may favor IgA-IRGN. In addition, integrated analysis including clinical data, pathological findings, and prognostic information would further improve the differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Septohippocampal transmission from parvalbumin-positive neurons features rapid recovery from synaptic depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yi ◽  
Tavita Garrett ◽  
Karl Deisseroth ◽  
Heikki Haario ◽  
Emily Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Depression ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Intrinsic Membrane Properties

AbstractParvalbumin-containing projection neurons of the medial-septum-diagonal band of Broca ($$\hbox {PV}_{\text{MS-DBB}}$$ PV MS-DBB ) are essential for hippocampal rhythms and learning operations yet are poorly understood at cellular and synaptic levels. We combined electrophysiological, optogenetic, and modeling approaches to investigate $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{MS-DBB}}$$ PV MS-DBB neuronal properties. $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{MS-DBB}}$$ PV MS-DBB neurons had intrinsic membrane properties distinct from acetylcholine- and somatostatin-containing MS-DBB subtypes. Viral expression of the fast-kinetic channelrhodopsin ChETA-YFP elicited action potentials to brief (1–2 ms) 470 nm light pulses. To investigate $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{MS-DBB}}$$ PV MS-DBB transmission, light pulses at 5–50 Hz frequencies generated trains of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in CA1 stratum oriens interneurons. Using a similar approach, optogenetic activation of local hippocampal PV ($$\hbox {PV}_{\text{HC}}$$ PV HC ) neurons generated trains of $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{HC}}$$ PV HC -mediated IPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Both synapse types exhibited short-term depression (STD) of IPSCs. However, relative to $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{HC}}$$ PV HC synapses, $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{MS-DBB}}$$ PV MS-DBB synapses possessed lower initial release probability, transiently resisted STD at gamma (20–50 Hz) frequencies, and recovered more rapidly from synaptic depression. Experimentally-constrained mathematical synapse models explored mechanistic differences. Relative to the $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{HC}}$$ PV HC model, the $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{MS-DBB}}$$ PV MS-DBB model exhibited higher sensitivity to calcium accumulation, permitting a faster rate of calcium-dependent recovery from STD. In conclusion, resistance of $$\hbox {PV}_{\text{MS-DBB}}$$ PV MS-DBB synapses to STD during short gamma bursts enables robust long-range GABAergic transmission from MS-DBB to hippocampus.

scholarly journals Parabrachial and hypothalamic interaction in sodium appetite

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1091-R1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dayawansa ◽  
S. Peckins ◽  
S. Ruch ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Bilateral Lesions

Rats with bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) fail to exhibit sodium appetite. Lesions of the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) also block salt appetite. The PBN projection to the LH is largely ipsilateral. If these deficits are functionally dependent, damaging the PBN on one side and the LH on the other should also block Na appetite. First, bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the LH were needed because the electrolytic damage used previously destroyed both cells and axons. The ibotenic LH lesions produced substantial weight loss and eliminated Na appetite. Controls with ipsilateral PBN and LH lesions gained weight and displayed robust sodium appetite. The rats with asymmetric PBN-LH lesions also gained weight, but after sodium depletion consistently failed to increase intake of 0.5 M NaCl. These results dissociate loss of sodium appetite from the classic weight loss after LH damage and prove that Na appetite requires communication between neurons in the LH and the PBN.

0355 Neurobiological Correlates of Sleepiness in Middle Aged and Older Adults: A FDG-PET Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A134-A136
Author(s):  
D Z Carvalho ◽  
E K St. Louis ◽  
C G Schwarz ◽  
B F Bradley ◽  
V J Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagonal Band

Abstract Introduction Sleepiness has been associated with functional and cognitive decline, and may present with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and/or increased sleep duration. We investigated whether sleepiness and changes in sleep patterns are associated with FDG-PET levels in wake-promoting regions. Methods From the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging cohort, we identified 373 cognitively-unimpaired middle-aged and older adults (mean +/- s.d. 66.1 +/- 13.2 yo) who underwent FDG-PET. EDS was defined as ESS score >=10. Changes in sleep patterns (sleeping more, less, or no change) were assessed using question #16 of the Beck Depression Inventory-2. We used probabilistic maps to create regions of interest (ROIs): the locus coeruleus (LC), posterior lateral hypothalamus (PLH), and the basal forebrain divided in 1) medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) and 2) nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). FDG-PET levels were referenced to the pons (SUVR). In this cross-sectional analysis, we fit linear models to assess the association between EDS and changes in sleeping patterns with FDG SUVR in in each ROI, while controlling for age, sex, education, BMI, witnessed apneas, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results 10.5% had EDS, 15% reported sleeping more and 21% reported sleeping less than usual. 30.7% of participants with EDS reported sleeping more, 25.6% less, and 43.5% the same. EDS was associated with an elevation in FDG-PET SUVR in the MS/DB region (.035 [95% CI .008; .063], p=.012), while sleeping more was associated with a decrease in FDG-PET SUVR in the same region (-.027 [95%CI -.052; -.002], p=.036). Sleeping less was associated with an increase in FDG-PET SUVR in the PLH (.021 [95% CI .005; .03], p=.019). No associations were found in other ROIs. Conclusion Our results suggest that sleepiness and changes in sleep patterns in cognitively-unimpaired middle-aged and older adults were associated with measurable metabolic changes in areas of the brain involved in sleep and wakefulness. Further research should clarify whether these findings could represent different phenotypes of sleepiness with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications. Support NIA/NIH

Discharge patterns of hippocampal theta-related cells in the caudal diencephalon of the urethan-anesthetized rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Bland ◽  
J. Konopacki ◽  
I. J. Kirk ◽  
S. D. Oddie ◽  
C. T. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Hippocampal Field ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Discharge Patterns ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

1. Single-unit discharge patterns of cells in specific nuclei of the caudal diencephalon were characterized in relation to simultaneously recorded field activity from the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus according to the criteria that have been used previously to classify cells in the hippocampal formation (including entorhinal cortex), medial septum, and cingulate cortex. Theta (theta)-related cells were classified as 1) tonic theta-ON, if they discharged nonrhythmically and increased their discharge rates during hippocampal theta relative to large, irregular hippocampal field activity (LIA); 2) tonic theta-OFF, if they discharged nonrhythmically and decreased their discharge rates during theta relative to LIA; or 3) phasic theta-ON, if they discharged rhythmically and in phase with ongoing theta, but nonrhythmically during LIA. Cells not meeting any of the above criteria were classified as nonrelated. 2. Recordings were obtained in a total of 127 cells from the caudal diencephalon. Recordings were made in 54 cells from the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH), 16 from the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), 20 from the PH/SuM border, and 23 from the medial mammillary nucleus (MM). Recordings were also made from nine cells from the central medial nucleus of the thalamus (CM) and five from the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH). 3. Of the 54 PH cells, 43 (80%) were classified as tonic theta-ON and 11 (20%) as nonrelated. Tonic theta-ON cells in the PH discharged at significantly higher rates during theta, either occurring spontaneously (9.6 +/- 1.7 Hz, mean +/- SE) or elicited with a tail pinch (TP theta; 10.6 +/- 1.9 Hz), than during LIA (3.6 +/- 1.4 Hz). Of the nine CM cells, seven (78%) were tonic theta-ON and two (22%) were nonrelated. Tonic theta-ON cells discharged at significantly higher rates during theta (17.5 +/- 7.8 Hz) or TP theta (18.0 +/- 7.1 Hz) than during LIA (7.3 +/- 4.8 Hz). All DMH cells were nonrelated. 4. Of the 20 PH/SuM border cells, 15 (75%) were classified as tonic theta-OFF and discharged at significantly higher rates during LIA (5.3 +/- 1.5 Hz) than during theta (0.8 +/- 0.4 Hz) or TP theta (0.4 +/- 0.3 Hz). Five (25%) cells in the PH/SuM border were nonrelated. 5. All of the 16 cells (100%) recorded from the body of the SuM were phasic theta-ON. The discharge rates of these cells did not change significantly across hippocampal field states (LIA = 8.3 +/- 1.6; theta = 7.3 +/- 1.6; TP theta = 8.6 +/- 1.7 Hz).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Lanthanum and zinc sensitivity of GABAA-activated currents in adult medial septum/diagonal band neurons from ethanol dependent rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 720 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Frye ◽  
Annette S. Fincher ◽  
Cathy A. Grover ◽  
Sudheer Jayaprabhu
Keyword(s):  
Medial Septum ◽  
Diagonal Band
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document