scholarly journals Behavioral Activation and the Variability of Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Measurements

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Duara ◽  
Karen Gross-Glenn ◽  
Warren W. Barker ◽  
Jen Yueh Chang ◽  
Anthony Apicella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Activated State ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Picture Viewing ◽  
Within Subject Variability

Variability in cerebral glucose metabolism was examined between and within subjects when paired studies were performed in the resting state or in a behaviorally activated state. Both normal and demented subjects were studied twice each, from 1 to 6 weeks apart, under near-identical conditions, using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Resting state studies were repeated in nine normal and four demented subjects. A picture-viewing test, used for activation during PET, was used repeatedly in seven normal and five demented subjects. Within-subject variability, as assessed by the percent difference in metabolic rates in paired studies, was reduced by 60–70% for activation state compared to resting state studies in normals. It is concluded that PET studies of brain metabolism, which are designed to study the active brain, should indeed be performed in functionally activated states, as in addition to demonstrating metabolism during a defined functional state, activation studies show reduced variability of cerebral metabolic measures.

scholarly journals Changes in Sensory-Cognitive Input: Effects on Cerebral Blood Flow

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver G. Cameron ◽  
Jack G. Modell ◽  
Richard D. Hichwa ◽  
Bernard W. Agranoff ◽  
Robert A. Koeppe
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Within Subject Variability

Eight healthy right-handed young men were subjected to local CBF measurement by [15O]water and positron emission tomography during partial sensory deprivation and during sensory-cognitive activation; physiological, hormonal, and subjective stress measurements were also performed. Results indicated that (a) “whole-brain” CBF increased during activation; (b) the greatest increase in CBF was in the primary visual cortex; (c) differences between hemispheres were not observed, but CBF was greater anteriorly than posteriorly in the deprivation condition only; (d) within-subject variability of CBF was not influenced by the sensory-cognitive condition; and (e) the procedure was not stressful.

scholarly journals Oxygen Extraction Fraction at Maximally Vasodilated Tissue in the Ischemic Brain Estimated from the Regional CO2 Responsiveness Measured by Positron Emission Tomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwao Kanno ◽  
Kazuo Uemura ◽  
Schuichi Higano ◽  
Matsutaro Murakami ◽  
Hidehiro Iida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
Extraction Fraction ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Vascular Responsiveness

The oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) at maximally vasodilated tissue in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease was evaluated using positron emission tomography. The vascular responsiveness to changes in PaCO2 was measured by the H215O autoradiographic method. It was correlated with the resting-state OEF, as estimated using the 15O steady-state method. The subjects comprised 15 patients with unilateral or bilateral occlusion and stenosis of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery or moyamoya disease. In hypercapnia, the scattergram between the OEF and the vascular responsiveness to changes in PaCO2 revealed a significant negative correlation in 11 of 19 studies on these patients, and the OEF at the zero cross point of the regression line with a vascular responsiveness of 0 was 0.53 ± 0.08 (n = 11). This OEF in the resting state corresponds to exhaustion of the capacity for vasodilation. The vasodilatory capacity is discussed in relation to the lower limit of autoregulation.

29 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF BRAIN METABOLISM AND DOPAMINERGIC NEURON DESTRUCTION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE MODEL PIG

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
H. J. Oh ◽  
J. Moon ◽  
G. A. Kim ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
S. H. Paek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Due to similarities between human and porcine, pigs have been proposed as an excellent experimental animal for human medical research. Especially in paediatric brain research, piglets share similarities with human infants in the extent of peak brain growth at the time of birth and the growth pattern of brain. Thus, these findings have supported the wider use of pigs rather than rodents in neuroscience research. Previously, we reported the production of porcine model of Parkinson's disease (PD) by nuclear transfer using donor cell that had been stably infected with lentivirus containing the human α-synuclein gene. The purpose of this study was to determine the alternation of brain metabolism and dopaminergic neuron destruction using noninvasive method in a 2-yr-old PD model and a control pig. The positron emission tomography (PET) scan was done using Biograph TruePoint40 with a TrueV (Siemens, Munich, Germany). The [18F]N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (FP-CIT) was administrated via the ear vein. Static images of the brain for 15 min were acquired from 2 h after injection. The 18F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose PET (18F-FDG PET) images of the brain were obtained for 15 min at 45 min post-injection. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at the same location of the brain. In both MRI and CT images, there was no difference in brain regions between PD model and control pigs. However, administration of [18F]FP-CIT was markedly decreased in the bilateral putamen of the PD model pig compared with the control pigs. Moreover, [18F]FP-CIT administration was asymmetrical in the PD model pig but it was symmetrical in control pigs. Regional brain metabolism was also assessed and there was no significant difference in cortical metabolism of PD model and control pigs. We demonstrated that PET imaging could provide a foundation for translational Parkinson neuroimaging in transgenic pigs. In the present study, a 2-yr-old PD model pig showed dopaminergic neuron destruction in brain regions. Therefore, PD model pig expressing human α-synuclein gene would be an efficient model for human PD patients. This study was supported by Korea IPET (#311011–05–5-SB010), Research Institute for Veterinary Science, TS Corporation and the BK21 plus program.

scholarly journals A 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose MicroPET Imaging Study to Assess Changes in Brain Glucose Metabolism in a Rat Model of Surgery-induced Latent Pain Sensitization

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asunción Romero ◽  
Santiago Rojas ◽  
David Cabañero ◽  
Juan D. Gispert ◽  
José R. Herance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pain Sensitization

Background Neuroplastic changes involved in latent pain sensitization after surgery are poorly defined. We assessed temporal changes in glucose brain metabolism in a postoperative rat model using positron emission tomography. We also investigated brain metabolism after naloxone administration. Methods Rats were given remifentanil anesthetic and underwent a plantar incision, with 1 mg/kg of (-)-naloxone subcutaneously administered on postoperative days 20 and 21. Using the von Frey test, mechanical thresholds were measured pre- and postoperatively at different time points in awake animals during F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake. Brain images were also obtained the day before mechanical testing, using a positron emission tomography R4 scanner (Concorde Microsystems, Siemens, Knoxville, TN). Differences in brain activity were assessed utilizing a statistical parametric mapping. Results Surgery induced minor changes in F-FDG uptake in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and posterior cortex, which extended to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem on days 6 and 7. Changes were still present on day 21. Maximal postoperative hypersensitivity was observed on day 2. The administration of (-)-naloxone on day 21 induced significant hypersensitivity, greatly enhancing the effect on F-FDG uptake. In sham-operated rats, naloxone induced changes limited to the striatum and the cerebellum. Nonnociceptive stimulation with von Frey filaments had no effect on F-FDG uptake. Conclusions Surgery, remifentanil, and their combination induced long-lasting and significant metabolic changes in the pain brain matrix, with a positive correlation with hypersensitivity after naloxone. Changes in brain F-FDG precipitated by naloxone suggest that surgery under remifentanil anesthetic induces the greatest neuroplastic brain adaptations in opioid-related pathways involved in nociceptive processing and long-lasting pain sensitization.

scholarly journals Metabolic Connectivity as Index of Verbal Working Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zou ◽  
Gael Chetelat ◽  
Mustafa G Baydogan ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Florian U Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Covariance Estimation ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brodmann Areas ◽  
Metabolic Connectivity ◽  
Sparse Inverse Covariance Estimation

Positron emission tomography (PET) data are commonly analyzed in terms of regional intensity, while covariant information is not taken into account. Here, we searched for network correlates of healthy cognitive function in resting state PET data. PET with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and a test of verbal working memory (WM) were administered to 35 young healthy adults. Metabolic connectivity was modeled at a group level using sparse inverse covariance estimation. Among 13 WM-relevant Brodmann areas (BAs), 6 appeared to be robustly connected. Connectivity within this network was significantly stronger in subjects with above-median WM performance. In respect to regional intensity, i.e., metabolism, no difference between groups was found. The results encourage examination of covariant patterns in FDG-PET data from non-neurodegenerative populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document