scholarly journals Sequential Assessment of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Regional Cerebral Blood Volume, and Blood—Brain Barrier in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: A Case Report

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Di Piero ◽  
D. Perani ◽  
A. Savi ◽  
P. Gerundini ◽  
G. L. Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Volume

Regional CBF (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were evaluated by N,N,N'-trimethyl- N'-(2)-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-[123I]iodobenzyl-1,3-propanediamine-2 HCl- and 99mTC-labeled red blood cells, respectively, and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in a patient with focal cerebral ischemia. Sequential transmission computerized tomography (TCT) and SPECT functional data were compared with clinical findings to monitor the pathophysiological events occurring in stroke. A lack of correlation between rCBF–rCBV distributions and blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was found in the acute phase. In the face of more prolonged alteration of BBB, as seen by TCT enhancement, a rapid evolution of transient phenomena such as luxury perfusion was shown by SPECT studies. Follow-up of the patient demonstrated a correlation between the neurological recovery and a parallel relative improvement of the cerebral perfusion.

scholarly journals MRI Reveals That Early Changes in Cerebral Blood Volume Precede Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown and Overt Pathology in MS-like Lesions in Rat Brain

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A Broom ◽  
Daniel C Anthony ◽  
Andrew M Blamire ◽  
Sara Waters ◽  
Peter Styles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Volume

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established clinical tool for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS), the archetypal central nervous system neuroinflammatory disease. In this study, we have used a model of delayed-type hypersensitivity in the rat brain, which bears many of the hallmarks of an MS lesion, to investigate the development of MRI-detectable changes before the appearance of conventional indices of lesion development. In addition, we have correlated the MRI-detectable changes with the developing histopathology. Significant increases in regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) preceded overt changes in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, T2 relaxation and the diffusion properties of tissue water. Thus, changes in rCBV might be a more sensitive indicator of lesion onset than the conventional indices used clinically in MS patients, such as contrast enhancement. In addition, we show that BBB breakdown, and consequent edema formation, are more closely correlated with astrogliosis than any other histopathologic changes, while regions of T1 and T2 hypointensity appear to reflect hypercellularity.

scholarly journals Early Appearance of Activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice: A Possible Role in Blood—Brain Barrier Dysfunction

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1020-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Gasche ◽  
Miki Fujimura ◽  
Yuiko Morita-Fujimura ◽  
Jean-Christophe Copin ◽  
Makoto Kawase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Bbb Permeability

During cerebral ischemia blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical event leading to vasogenic edema and secondary brain injury. Gelatinases A and B are matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) able to open the BBB. The current study analyzes by zymography the early gelatinases expression and activation during permanent ischemia in mice (n = 15). ProMMP-9 expression was significantly ( P < 0.001) increased in ischemic regions compared with corresponding contralateral regions after 2 hours of ischemia (mean 694.7 arbitrary units [AU], SD ± 238.4 versus mean 107.6 AU, SD ± 15.6) and remained elevated until 24 hours (mean 745,7 AU, SD ± 157.4). Moreover, activated MMP-9 was observed 4 hours after the initiation of ischemia. At the same time as the appearance of activated MMP-9, we detected by the Evan's blue extravasation method a clear increase of BBB permeability, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was not modified during permanent ischemia at any time. The ProMMP-2 was significantly ( P < 0.05) increased only after 24 hours of permanent ischemia (mean 213.2 AU, SD ± 60.6 versus mean 94.6 AU, SD ± 13.3), and no activated form was observed. The appearance of activated MMP-9 after 4 hours of ischemia in correlation with BBB permeability alterations suggests that MMP-9 may play an active role in early vasogenic edema development after stroke.

Effects of Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase on Blood-Brain Barrier Transport in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Pharmacology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oak Za Chi ◽  
Hwu Meei Wei ◽  
Arabinda K. Sinha ◽  
Harvey R. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The blood–brain barrier is continuously open for several weeks following transient focal cerebral ischemia

Neuroscience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Strbian ◽  
A. Durukan ◽  
M. Pitkonen ◽  
I. Marinkovic ◽  
E. Tatlisumak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Angiopoietin-like protein 1 decreases blood brain barrier damage and edema following focal cerebral ischemia in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dar-Ming Lai ◽  
Hung Li ◽  
Chin-Cheng Lee ◽  
Yi-Shiuan Tzeng ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Damage

Superior Neuroprotective Efficacy of a Novel Antioxidant (U-101033E) With Improved Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Stroke ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 2018-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schmid-Elsaesser ◽  
Stefan Zausinger ◽  
Edwin Hungerhuber ◽  
Nikolaus Plesnila ◽  
Alexander Baethmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Neuroprotective Efficacy
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