scholarly journals A Noninvasive Positron Computed Tomography Technique Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water for the Evaluation of Neurobehavioral Task Batteries

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Mazziotta ◽  
Sung-Cheng Huang ◽  
Michael E. Phelps ◽  
Richard E. Carson ◽  
Norman S. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Water Simulation ◽  
Stimulation Paradigm ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Good Agreement

A technique is described that provides information about relative cerebral responses to differing neurobehavioral tasks in normal subjects studied with positron computed tomography and oxygen-15-labeled water. Simulation studies demonstrate that this technique is sensitive to changes in true local CBF within a physiological range and tends to underestimate relative flow changes at high flow values (>30 ml min−1 100 g−1) and to overestimate these changes for flow values of <25 ml min−1 100 g−1. Image acquisition times of 60 s following the arrival of oxygen-15-labeled water in the brain were the most accurate for identifying such relative changes between radioisotope administrations and were not limited by statistical noise from total image counts. Studies in normal volunteers indicate that the technique is highly reproducible, demonstrating a coefficient of variation for small (<2 cm2) regions of 2.98 between studies in the same state. Visual stimulation studies in normal volunteers demonstrated relative radioisotope concentration changes between control and stimulated states that are in good agreement with similar results obtained using the same stimulation paradigm but with the use of fluorodeoxyglucose to determine cerebral glucose metabolism.

Altered Cerebrovascular Response Pattern in Interictal Migraine During Visual Stimulation

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bäcker ◽  
D Sander ◽  
MG Hammes ◽  
D Funke ◽  
M Deppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Attack Frequency ◽  
The Brain

A dysbalance of the cerebrovascular response during functional activation of the brain has been postulated as a factor in the pathophysiology of migraine. To determine the dynamic pattern of the cerebrovascular response in migraineurs compared with a control group, changes of the cerebral perfusion during cerebral activation were studied with high temporal resolution by functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD). The cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was measured simultaneously during visual stimulation in 19 interictal migraineurs and in 19 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Data were analysed with a previously validated technique based on automated stimulus-related averaging of the CBFV. The MCA migraineurs exhibited a steady increase of CBFV during the stimulation, while normal subjects showed a habituation of the CBFV response. The lack of habituation in migraineurs was significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) more pronounced across patients with a high attack frequency (≥ 4 per month) compared with migraineurs with a low attack frequency (< 4 per month). In the PCA, compared with normal subjects, migraineurs showed significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) stronger CBFV changes at the beginning and after the end of stimulation, with a slower decline to baseline. Data are in accordance with electrophysiological findings in migraineurs. It is assumed that a lack of habituation of the cerebrovascular response in migraineurs might contribute to a disturbance of the metabolic homeostasis of the brain that might induce migraine attacks.

Computed Tomography of the Brain in Cases with Venous Vasculitis Compared with an Age-Matched Reference Group

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hannerz ◽  
K. Ericson ◽  
G. Bergstrand ◽  
B.-M. Berggren ◽  
G. Edman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Early Aging ◽  
Orbital Phlebography ◽  
Steroid Sensitive ◽  
The Brain

Patients with a particular, steroid-sensitive headache and often characteristic pathology at orbital phlebography, have been suggested to suffer from venous vasculitis. Fifty such patients were examined with computed tomography (CT) of the brain. The findings were compared with those of an age-matched reference group selected at random to represent normal subjects. The CT examinations were analyzed with respect to size of lateral ventricles and signs of atrophy. In both groups, there was a significant increase of atrophy with age. There was also a significantly higher degree of atrophy in the patient group as compared with the reference group. The findings indicate that the supposedly underlying venous vasculitis is related to early aging and atrophy of the brain.

scholarly journals A pilot study investigating the use of 4D flow MRI for the assessment of splanchnic flow in patients suspected of mesenteric ischaemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Hall Barrientos ◽  
Katrina Knight ◽  
Douglas Black ◽  
Alexander Vesey ◽  
Giles Roditi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mesenteric Ischaemia ◽  
4D Flow Mri ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Flow Changes

AbstractThe most common cause of chronic mesenteric ischaemia is atherosclerosis which results in limitation of blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. This pilot study aimed to evaluate 4D flow MRI as a potential tool for the analysis of blood flow changes post-prandial within the mesenteric vessels. The mesenteric vessels of twelve people were scanned; patients and healthy volunteers. A baseline MRI scan was performed after 6 h of fasting followed by a post-meal scan. Two 4D flow datasets were acquired, over the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the main portal venous vessels. Standard 2D time-resolved PC-MRI slices were also obtained across the aorta above the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein and portal vein (PV). In the volunteer cohort there was a marked increase in blood flow post-meal within the PV (p = 0.028), not seen in the patient cohort (p = 0.116). Similarly, there were significant flow changes within the SMA of volunteers (p = 0.028) but not for the patient group (p = 0.116). Our pilot data has shown that there is a significant haemodynamic response to meal challenge in the PV and SMA in normal subjects compared to clinically apparent CMI patients. Therefore, the interrogation of mesenteric venous vessels exclusively is a feasible method to measure post-prandial flow changes in CMI patients.

scholarly journals In the nose or on the tongue? Contrasting motivational effects of oral and intranasal oxytocin on arousal and reward during social processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Kou ◽  
Chunmei Lan ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Intervention

AbstractIntranasal oxytocin exerts wide-ranging effects on socioemotional behavior and is proposed as a potential therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. However, following intranasal administration, oxytocin could penetrate directly into the brain or influence its activity via increased peripheral concentrations crossing the blood–brain barrier or influencing vagal projections. In the current randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmaco-imaging clinical trial we investigated effects of 24IU oral (lingual) oxytocin spray, restricting it to peripherally mediated blood-borne and vagal effects, on responses to face emotions in 80 male subjects and compared them with 138 subjects treated intranasally with 24IU. Oral, but not intranasal oxytocin administration increased both arousal ratings for faces and associated brain reward responses, the latter being partially mediated by blood concentration changes. Furthermore, while oral oxytocin increased amygdala and arousal responses to face emotions, after intranasal administration they were decreased. Thus, oxytocin can produce markedly contrasting motivational effects in relation to socioemotional cues when it influences brain function via different routes. These findings have important implications for future therapeutic use since administering oxytocin orally may be both easier and have potentially stronger beneficial effects by enhancing responses to emotional cues and increasing their associated reward.

Linear Accelerator as a Neurosurgical Tool for Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken R. Winston ◽  
Wendell Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Entire System ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Stereotactic Apparatus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New System

Abstract A new system has been developed for stereotactically delivering prescribed high doses of radiation to precisely located volumes of approximately 0.6 to 10.0 ml within the brain. A Brown-Roberts-Wells stereotactic apparatus and a 6-MeV linear accelerator equipped with a special collimator (12.5 to 30 mm in diameter) have been adapted. The 20-mm collimator allows treatment of a nearly spherical volume of 2.1 ml. Outside the treatment field, the dosage declines to 80% of the dose prescribed for the periphery of the lesion over a distance of 1.8 mm and to 50% over the next 3.4 mm. Localization can be accomplished via computed tomography or cerebral angiography. Treatment is accomplished with an arcing beam of photon radiation with the turntable (couch) in each of four positions. The entire system has been extensively tested for accuracy in alignment and distribution of radiation. Errors have been measured for the alignment of the apparatus and for the process of localization. Safety of operation was emphasized throughout the design and testing phase. (Neurosurgery 22:454-464, 1988)

Computed tomography of the brain in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas S. Krawiecki ◽  
Paul R. Dyken ◽  
Taher El Gammal ◽  
Robert H. Durant ◽  
Andrea Swift
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Computed tomography of the brain and associated structures of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius): an anatomic study

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Blanco ◽  
José M. Vázquez ◽  
Miguel A. Rivero ◽  
Juan A. Corbera ◽  
Alberto Arencibia
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Anatomic Study ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Imaging angiogenesis using 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with severe intracranial atherosclerotic disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3401-3408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Shu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yi Cheng Zhu ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Li Ying Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Arterial Lesion ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Recent Group ◽  
The Brain

Angiogenesis is a critical compensation route, which has been demonstrated in the brain following ischemic stroke; however, few studies have investigated angiogenesis in chronic intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD). We used 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 positron emission tomography/computed tomography based imaging to detect angiogenesis in chronic ICAD and to explore the factors that may have affected it. A total of 21 participants with unilateral severe chronic ICAD were included in the study. Of the 21 participants, 19 were men; the mean (SD) age was 52 (15) years. In 18 participants, we observed elevated 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 uptake in the peri-infarct, subcortical, and periventricular regions of the lesioned side, with a higher 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 SUVmax compared to that in the contralateral hemisphere (0.15 vs. 0.06, p=0.001). The 18F-FDG PET SUVmax was significantly lower on the lesioned side (11.28 vs. 13.92, p=0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the recent group (<6 months) had a higher lesion-to-contralateral region ratio SUVmax than the remote group (>6 months) (6.73 vs. 2.36, p<0.05). Our results provide molecular imaging evidence of angiogenesis in patients with severe chronic ICAD. Furthermore, the extent of angiogenesis in chronic ICAD may be affected by the post-qualified event time interval, and not by infarction itself or the severity of the arterial lesion.

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