scholarly journals Intercorrelations of Glucose Metabolic Rates between Brain Regions: Application to Healthy Males in a State of Reduced Sensory Input

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Horwitz ◽  
Ranjan Duara ◽  
Stanley I. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Healthy Males

We use a correlational analysis of regional metabolic rates to characterize relations among different brain regions. Starting with rates of local glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) obtained by positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, we propose that pairs of brain regions whose rCMRglc values are significantly correlated are functionally associated, and that the strength of the association is proportional to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for whole brain glucose metabolism, are used in the analysis. We also introduce a graphical technique to display simultaneously all the correlations, allowing us to examine patterns of relations among them. The method was applied to 40 very healthy males under conditions of reduced auditory and visual inputs (the “resting state”). Dividing the brain into 59 regions, and keeping only those partial correlation coefficients significant to p < 0.01, we found the following: (a) All regions were significantly correlated with their contralateral homologues. For the most part, the largest partial correlation coefficients were between homologous brain regions. (b) Generally, the pattern of significant correlations between any two lobes in the left hemisphere did not differ statistically from the corresponding pattern in the right hemisphere. (c) Strong correlations were observed between primary somatosensory areas and premotor association areas. Correlations between these association areas and primary visual and auditory regions were not statistically significant. (d) Significant correlations between inferior occipital and temporal areas were found. Metabolic rates in the superior part of the occipital lobe were not correlated significantly with metabolic rates in regions of the temporal lobe, nor with metabolism in the parietal lobe. (e) As a whole, there were numerous correlations among frontal and parietal lobe regions, on the one hand, and among temporal and occipital lobe regions, on the other, but few statistically significant correlations between these two domains. We relate our results to various aspects of known brain anatomy, physiology, and cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity in task-negative network of the Deaf: effects of sign language experience

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evie Malaia ◽  
Thomas M Talavage ◽  
Ronnie B Wilbur
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Deaf Signers

Prior studies investigating cortical processing in Deaf signers suggest that life-long experience with sign language and/or auditory deprivation may alter the brain’s anatomical structure and the function of brain regions typically recruited for auditory processing (Emmorey et al., 2010; Pénicaud, et al., 2012 inter alia). We report the first investigation of the task-negative network in Deaf signers and its functional connectivity – the temporal correlations among spatially remote neurophysiological events. We show that Deaf signers manifest increased functional connectivity between posterior cingulate/precuneus and left medial temporal gyrus (MTG), but also inferior parietal lobe and medial temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere- areas that have been found to show functional recruitment specifically during sign language processing. These findings suggest that the organization of the brain at the level of inter-network connectivity is likely affected by experience with processing visual language, although sensory deprivation could be another source of the difference. We hypothesize that connectivity alterations in the task negative network reflect predictive/automatized processing of the visual signal.

scholarly journals Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity related to the main alexithymia dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. e000003
Author(s):  
Han Dai ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Mei Minjun ◽  
Sun Xiaofei
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

BackgroundAlexithymia is a multidimensional personality construct.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the neuronal correlates of each alexithymia dimension by examining the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of intrinsic brain activity in a resting situation.MethodsFrom university freshmen, students with alexithymia and non-alexithymia were recruited. Their alexithymic traits were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. The ReHo was examined using a resting-state functional MRI approach.ResultsThis study suggests significant group differences in ReHo in multiple brain regions distributed in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe and insular cortex. However, only the ReHo in the insula was positively associated with difficulty identifying feelings, a main dimension of alexithymia. The ReHo in the lingual gyrus, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus was positively associated with difficulty describing feelings in participants with alexithymia. Lastly, the ReHo in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC_R) was negatively related to the externally oriented thinking style of participants with alexithymia.ConclusionIn conclusion, these results suggest that the main dimensions of alexithymia are correlated with specific brain regions’ function, and the role of the insula, lingual gyrus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and DMPFC_R in the neuropathology of alexithymia should be further investigated.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anxiety on Regional Brain Volumes in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 371-372
Author(s):  
Shanna Burke ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Adrienne Grudzien ◽  
Christopher Barnes ◽  
Kevin Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain

Abstract Anxiety has been associated with greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and existing research has identified structural differences in regional brain tissue in anxious compared to healthy samples, but results have been variable and somewhat inconsistent. We sought to determine the effect of anxiety on regional brain volumes by cognitive and apolipoprotein e (APOE) e4 status using data from a large, national dataset. A secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) Data Set was conducted using complete MRI data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of anxiety (via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRI biomarkers. Anxiety was associated with lower total brain and total cortical gray matter volumes and increased lateral ventricular volume (p&lt;.05). Lower mean volumes were also observed in all hippocampal, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe volumes among participants who reported anxiety. Conversely, greater ventricular volumes were also correlated with anxiety. Findings suggest that anxiety is associated with significant atrophy in multiple brain regions and ventricular enlargement, even after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. Anxiety-related changes to brain morphology may contribute to greater AD risk.

scholarly journals Using deep learning to classify pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder at the individual level

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Du Lei ◽  
Kun Qin ◽  
Walter H. L. Pinaya ◽  
Xueling Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Topological Measures

Abstract Background Children exposed to natural disasters are vulnerable to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies using resting-state functional neuroimaging have revealed alterations in graph-based brain topological network metrics in pediatric PTSD patients relative to healthy controls (HC). Here we aimed to apply deep learning (DL) models to neuroimaging markers of classification which may be of assistance in diagnosis of pediatric PTSD. Methods We studied 33 pediatric PTSD and 53 matched HC. Functional connectivity between 90 brain regions from the automated anatomical labeling atlas was established using partial correlation coefficients, and the whole-brain functional connectome was constructed by applying a threshold to the resultant 90 * 90 partial correlation matrix. Graph theory analysis was used to examine the topological properties of the functional connectome. A DL algorithm then used this measure to classify pediatric PTSD vs HC. Results Graphic topological measures using DL provide a potentially clinically useful classifier for differentiating pediatric PTSD and HC (overall accuracy 71.2%). Frontoparietal areas (central executive network), cingulate cortex, and amygdala contributed the most to the DL model’s performance. Conclusions Graphic topological measures based on fMRI data could contribute to imaging models of clinical utility in distinguishing pediatric PTSD from HC. DL model may be a useful tool in the identification of brain mechanisms PTSD participants.

Effects on regional brain metabolism of high-altitude hypoxia: a study of six US marines

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. R314-R319 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hochachka ◽  
C. M. Clark ◽  
G. O. Matheson ◽  
W. D. Brown ◽  
C. K. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hypoxia Acclimation

Previous studies of brain glucose metabolism in people indigenous to high-altitude environments uncovered two response patterns: Quechuas native to the high Andes of South America sustained modest hypometabolism in most brain regions interrogated, whereas Sherpas, native to the Himalayas and considered by many biologists to be most effectively high-altitude adapted of all humans, showed brain metabolic patterns similar to lowlanders, with no acclimation effects noted. In the present study, the database was expanded to include hypoxia acclimation effects in lowlanders. Positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluro- D-glucose (FDG) imaging techniques were used to assess regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates (rCMRglc) in six US marines (Caucasian lineage) before and after a 63-day training program for operations at high altitudes ranging from 10,500 to 20,320 ft. Significant changes in rCMRglcwere found for 7 of 25 brain regions examined. Significant decreases in absolute cerebral glucose metabolism after high-altitude exposure were found in five regions: three frontal, the left occipital lobe, and the right thalamus. In contrast, for the right and left cerebellum significant increases in metabolism were found. The magnitudes of these differences, in terms of absolute metabolism, were large, ranging from 10 to 18%. Although the results may not be solely the result of lower oxygen levels at high altitude, these findings suggest that the brain of healthy human lowlanders responds to chronic hypoxia exposure with precise, region-specific fine tuning of rCMRglc. The observed short-term hypoxia acclimation responses in these lowlanders clearly differ from the long-term hypoxia adaptations found in brain metabolism of people indigenous to high-altitude environments.

scholarly journals Functional Interactions in the Brain: Use of Correlations between Regional Metabolic Rates

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A114-A120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Additional Information

Correlation coefficients between pairs of regional metabolic rates have been used to study patterns of functional associations among brain regions in humans and animals. An overview is provided concerning the additional information about brain functioning this type of analysis yields. A computer simulation model is presented for the purpose of giving a partial validation for correlational analysis. The model generates a set of simulated metabolic data upon which correlational analysis is performed. Because the underlying pattern of functional couplings in the model is known, these simulations demonstrate that the correlation coefficient between normalized metabolic rates is proportional to the strength of the functional coupling constant and that correlational analysis yields information on regional involvement in neural systems not evident in the pattern of absolute metabolic values.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity in task-negative network of the Deaf: effects of sign language experience

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evie Malaia ◽  
Thomas M Talavage ◽  
Ronnie B Wilbur
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Deaf Signers

Prior studies investigating cortical processing in Deaf signers suggest that life-long experience with sign language and/or auditory deprivation may alter the brain’s anatomical structure and the function of brain regions typically recruited for auditory processing (Emmorey et al., 2010; Pénicaud, et al., 2012 inter alia). We report the first investigation of the task-negative network in Deaf signers and its functional connectivity – the temporal correlations among spatially remote neurophysiological events. We show that Deaf signers manifest increased functional connectivity between posterior cingulate/precuneus and left medial temporal gyrus (MTG), but also inferior parietal lobe and medial temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere- areas that have been found to show functional recruitment specifically during sign language processing. These findings suggest that the organization of the brain at the level of inter-network connectivity is likely affected by experience with processing visual language, although sensory deprivation could be another source of the difference. We hypothesize that connectivity alterations in the task negative network reflect predictive/automatized processing of the visual signal.

Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: An Update of Present Data With A Special View to Body Position, Traumatic and Genetic Aspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Lewis Carroll ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Alice In Wonderland ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) was named after the description of Lewis Carroll in his novel. In 1955, John Todd, a psychiatrist described this entity for the first time and results in a distortion of perception. Todd described it as „Alice's Adventures in Wonderland“ by Lewis Carroll. The author Carroll suffered from severe migraine attacks. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is a disorienting condition of seizures affecting visual perception. AIWS is a neurological form of seizures influencing the brain, thereby causing a disturbed perception. Patients describe visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations and disturbed perceptions. The causes of AIWS are still not known exactly. Cases of migraine, brain tumors, depression episodes, epilepsy, delirium, psychoactive drugs, ischemic stroke, depressive disorders, and EBV, mycoplasma, and malaria infections are correlating with AIWS like seizures. Often no EEG correlate is found. Neuroimaging studies reveal disturbances of brain regions including the temporoparietal junction, the temporal and occipital lobe as typical localization of the visual pathway. A decrease of perfusion of the visual pathways could induce these disturbances, especially in the temporal lobe in patients with AIWS. Other theories suggest distorted body illusions stem from the parietal lobe. The concrete origin of this mysterious syndrome is to date not clearly defined.

scholarly journals A Study of the Brain Network Connectivity in Visual-Word Pairing Associative Learning and Episodic Memory Reactivating Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mingxin Zhang ◽  
Feng Duan ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Xuyi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Brain

Episodic memory allows a person to recall and mentally reexperience specific episodes from one’s personal past. Studies of episodic memory are of great significance for the diagnosis and the exploration of the mechanism of memory generation. Most of the current studies focus on certain brain regions and pay less attention to the interrelationship between multiple brain regions. To explore the interrelationship in the brain network, we use an open fMRI dataset to construct the brain functional connectivity and effective connectivity network. We establish a binary directed network of the memory when it is reactivated. The binary directed network shows that the occipital lobe and parietal lobe have the most causal connections. The number of edges starting from the superior parietal lobule is the highest, with 49 edges, and 31 of which are connected to the occipital cortex. This means that the interaction between the superior parietal lobule and the occipital lobe plays the most important role in episodic memory, and the superior parietal lobule plays a more causal role in causality. In addition, memory regions such as the precuneus and fusiform also have some edges. The results show that the posterior parietal cortex plays an important role of hub node in the episodic memory network. From the brain network model, more information can be obtained, which is conducive to exploring the brain’s changing pattern in the whole memory process.

Neural Underpinnings of Numerical and Spatial Cognition: An fMRI Meta-Analysis of Brain Regions Associated with Symbolic Number, Arithmetic, and Mental Rotation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Hawes ◽  
H Moriah Sokolowski ◽  
Chuka Bosah Ononye ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Number Representation ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Symbolic Number

Where and under what conditions do spatial and numerical skills converge and diverge in the brain? To address this question, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain regions associated with basic symbolic number processing, arithmetic, and mental rotation. We used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) to construct quantitative meta-analytic maps synthesizing results from 86 neuroimaging papers (~ 30 studies/cognitive process). All three cognitive processes were found to activate bilateral parietal regions in and around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS); a finding consistent with shared processing accounts. Numerical and arithmetic processing were associated with overlap in the left angular gyrus, whereas mental rotation and arithmetic both showed activity in the middle frontal gyri. These patterns suggest regions of cortex potentially more specialized for symbolic number representation and domain-general mental manipulation, respectively. Additionally, arithmetic was associated with unique activity throughout the fronto-parietal network and mental rotation was associated with unique activity in the right superior parietal lobe. Overall, these results provide new insights into the intersection of numerical and spatial thought in the human brain.

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