scholarly journals Novel antibiotic screening methods to awaken silent or cryptic secondary metabolic pathways in actinomycetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Onaka
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Screening

scholarly journals Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the Era of Untargeted Metabolomics and Lipidomics

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail ◽  
Showalter ◽  
Fiehn
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Metabolic Screening

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of inherited diseases with variable incidences. IEMs are caused by disrupting enzyme activities in specific metabolic pathways by genetic mutations, either directly or indirectly by cofactor deficiencies, causing altered levels of compounds associated with these pathways. While IEMs may present with multiple overlapping symptoms and metabolites, early and accurate diagnosis of IEMs is critical for the long-term health of affected subjects. The prevalence of IEMs differs between countries, likely because different IEM classifications and IEM screening methods are used. Currently, newborn screening programs exclusively use targeted metabolic assays that focus on limited panels of compounds for selected IEM diseases. Such targeted approaches face the problem of false negative and false positive diagnoses that could be overcome if metabolic screening adopted analyses of a broader range of analytes. Hence, we here review the prospects of using untargeted metabolomics for IEM screening. Untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics do not rely on predefined target lists and can detect as many metabolites as possible in a sample, allowing to screen for many metabolic pathways simultaneously. Examples are given for nontargeted analyses of IEMs, and prospects and limitations of different metabolomics methods are discussed. We conclude that dedicated studies are needed to compare accuracy and robustness of targeted and untargeted methods with respect to widening the scope of IEM diagnostics.

Accelerating Metabolic Pathways Simulation using GPUs

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohan Lal ◽  
Kolin Paul ◽  
James Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways

Mapping metabolic pathways in chemical property space paves the way for new leishmanicidals

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
E Vikeved ◽  
R Buonfiglio ◽  
T Kogej ◽  
A Backlund
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Property ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Property Space ◽  
The Way

Data Screening Methods – Application to Differential Diagnosis in Pancreatic Pathology from Radiological Signs

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Durbec ◽  
Jaqueline Cornée ◽  
P. Berthezene
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Chronic Calcifying Pancreatitis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Calcifying Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Pathology ◽  
Data Screening

The practice of systematic examinations in hospitals and the increasing development of automatic data processing permits the storing of a great deal of information about a large number of patients belonging to different diagnosis groups.To predict or to characterize these diagnosis groups some descriptors are particularly useful, others carry no information. Data screening based on the properties of mutual information and on the log cross products ratios in contingency tables is developed. The most useful descriptors are selected. For each one the characterized groups are specified.This approach has been performed on a set of binary (presence—absence) radiological variables. Four diagnoses groups are concerned: cancer of pancreas, chronic calcifying pancreatitis, non-calcifying pancreatitis and probable pancreatitis. Only twenty of the three hundred and forty initial radiological variables are selected. The presence of each corresponding sign is associated with one or more diagnosis groups.

Rapid Screening Methods for Bleeding Disorders. A Three Year Survey

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A Lovric ◽  
J Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Kaolin Clotting Time ◽  
In Infants And Children

SummaryAn adaptation of “kaolin clotting time” and prothrombin time for use on haemolysed capillary blood provided simple and sensitive screening tests suitable for use in infants and children. A survey of three year’s experience shows that these are reliable routine laboratory tests for detection of latent coagulation disorders.

Proposal for Objective Evaluation of the Performance of Various Functional APC-resistance Tests in Genotyped Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 1360-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Freyburger ◽  
S Javorschi ◽  
S Labrouche ◽  
P Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Protein S ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Apc Resistance ◽  
Two Parameters

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative performance of five screening methods for APC resistance caused by the factor V:Q506 mutation: the original method Coatest® APC™ Resistance Chromogenix, a modified method using the same reagents but a predilution 1+4 of the plasma in a factor V deficient plasma from Stago (Stago deficient V) or from Chromogenix (V-DEF Plasma), the Coatest® APC™ Resistance V (Chromogenix), and Accelerimat™ from bioMérieux. Normalization was done against a pool of normal plasmas for the methods from Chromogenix. The study included 350 subjects, 219 were genotyped (174 FV:R506R, 42 FV:Q506R, 3 FV:Q506Q) and most of them were assessed by more than one method. Uncertainty in predicting the FV genotype was evaluated by statistical analysis, which provided a way to quantitate the performance of the different diagnostic approaches. Performance of each test was evaluated by its sensitivity, specificity, R.O.C. curves, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR), and the overall performance was determined by two parameters derived from the LR curves : the maximum LR value obtained at the crossover of the two curves, and the distance between the two curves for LR = 10. Coatest® APC™ Resistance V and Accelerimat™ were proven to be the methods most able to discriminate for factor V:Q506, while normalization was not shown to improve the screening performance. The original method from Chromogenix was confirmed to undergo many influences (factor XII, PAI-1, thrombin- antithrombin complexes, antithrombin III, hematocrit). Although a very good improvement was provided by the newest methods, they were shown to be influenced by protein S and/or factor V levels in the sample plasma.

METABOLISM OF PREGNENOLONE-3-SULPHATE IN THE PERFUSED DOG LIVER

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Voigt ◽  
J. Tamm ◽  
U. Volkwein ◽  
H. Schedewie
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Dog Liver ◽  
Steroid Conjugates

ABSTRACT Pregnenolone-sulphate (400 mg) was perfused through isolated dog livers. The following steroids were isolated in the perfusate: pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androst-5-ene-diol and the two steroid conjugates, i. e. pregnenolone-sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate. Two »free« steroids and one steroid conjugate could not be characterized. A tentative scheme for the metabolic pathways of pregnenolone-sulphate is presented.

Non-Invasive Distinction of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease using Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Analysis: Early Results

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
Michael McFarlane ◽  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Erik Westenbrink ◽  
Nicola O’Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background & Aims: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease in the western world. Current diagnostic methods including Fibroscan have limitations, thus there is a need for more robust non-invasive screening methods. The gut microbiome is altered in several gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders resulting in altered, unique gut fermentation patterns, detectable by analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine, breath and faeces. We performed a proof of principle pilot study to determine if progressive fatty liver disease produced an altered urinary VOC pattern; specifically NAFLD and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH).Methods: 34 patients were recruited: 8 NASH cirrhotics (NASH-C); 7 non-cirrhotic NASH; 4 NAFLD and 15 controls. Urine was collected and stored frozen. For assay, the samples were defrosted and aliquoted into vials, which were heated to 40±0.1°C and the headspace analyzed by FAIMS (Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectroscopy). A previously used data processing pipeline employing a Random Forrest classification algorithm and using a 10 fold cross validation method was applied.Results: Urinary VOC results demonstrated sensitivity of 0.58 (0.33 - 0.88), but specificity of 0.93 (0.68 - 1.00) and an Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.73 (0.55 -0.90) to distinguish between liver disease and controls. However, NASH/NASH-C was separated from the NAFLD/controls with a sensitivity of 0.73 (0.45 - 0.92), specificity of 0.79 (0.54 - 0.94) and AUC of 0.79 (0.64 - 0.95), respectively.Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that urinary VOCs detection may offer the potential for early non-invasive characterisation of liver disease using 'smell prints' to distinguish between NASH and NAFLD.

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