scholarly journals In vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from prosthetic joint infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Molina-Manso ◽  
Gema del Prado ◽  
Alberto Ortiz-Pérez ◽  
Miguel Manrubia-Cobo ◽  
Enrique Gómez-Barrena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections

scholarly journals Antibiotics in Bone Cements Used for Prosthesis Fixation: An Efficient Way to Prevent Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Prosthetic Joint Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Cara ◽  
Mathilde Ballet ◽  
Claire Hemery ◽  
Tristan Ferry ◽  
Frédéric Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthesis Fixation

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are one of the most frequent reasons for arthroplasty revision. These infections are mostly associated with the formation of biofilm, notably by staphylococci, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. To minimize the rates of PJIs following primary or revision total joint arthroplasty, antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) can be used for prosthesis fixation. However, its use is still debated. Indeed, various studies reported opposite results. In this context, we aimed to compare the prophylactic anti-biofilm activity of ALBCs loaded with two antibiotics with ALBC loaded with only one antibiotic. We compared commercial ready-to-use cements containing gentamicin alone, gentamicin plus vancomycin, and gentamicin plus clindamycin to plain cement (no antibiotic), investigating staphylococcal biofilm formation for 10 strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with specific resistance to gentamicin, vancomycin, or clindamycin. Firstly, we performed disk diffusion assays with the elution solutions. We reported that only the cement containing gentamicin and clindamycin was able to inhibit bacterial growth at Day 9, whereas cements with gentamicin only or gentamicin and vancomycin lost their antibacterial activity at Day 3. Then, we observed that all the tested ALBCs can inhibit biofilm formation by methicillin-susceptible staphylococci without other antibiotic resistance ability. Similar results were observed when we tested vancomycin-resistant or clindamycin-resistant staphylococci, with some strain-dependent significant increase of efficacy for the two antibiotic ALBCs when compared with gentamicin-loaded cement. However, adding vancomycin or clindamycin to gentamicin allows a better inhibition of biofilm formation when gentamicin-resistant strains were used. Our in vitro results suggest that using commercially available bone cements loaded with gentamicin plus vancomycin or clindamycin for prosthesis fixation can help in preventing staphylococcal PJIs following primary arthroplasties, non-septic revisions or septic revisions, especially to prevent PJIs caused by gentamicin-resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from nares and prosthetic joint infections are mupirocin susceptible

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavin Salih ◽  
Staffan Tevell ◽  
Emeli Månsson ◽  
Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson ◽  
Bengt Hellmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility including mupirocin among Staphylococcus. epidermidis isolated from prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) (n=183) and nasal isolates (n=75) from patients intended to undergo prosthetic joint replacements. Susceptibility to mupirocin (used for eradication of nasal carriership of Staphylococcus aureus) was investigated by gradient test, and susceptibility to various other antimicrobial agents was investigated by disc diffusion test. All isolates, except three from PJIs and one from the nares, were fully susceptible to mupirocin. Multi-drug resistance (≥3 antibiotic classes) was found in 154/183 (84.2%) of the PJI isolates but only in 2/75 (2.7%) of the nares isolates, indicating that S. epidermidis causing PJIs do not originate from the nares.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of CEM-102 (Fusidic Acid) against Prevalent Clones and Resistant Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 4535-4536 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Sahm ◽  
J. Deane ◽  
C. M. Pillar ◽  
P. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections

ABSTRACTClinical development of CEM-102 (fusidic acid) has recently begun in the United States for chronic oral treatment of prosthetic joint infections. To support this development, thein vitroactivity of fusidic acid against importantStaphylococcus aureusclones and resistance phenotypes was determined. Against 51 such isolates, the modal fusidic acid MIC was 0.12 μg/ml (range, 0.06 to 0.25 μg/ml for 49 isolates). This level ofin vitrofusidic acid activity underscores the potential clinical utility of this compound in the United States.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Action of Daptomycin against Stationary-Phase and Nondividing Staphylococcus aureus Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 4255-4260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela T. M. Mascio ◽  
Jeff D. Alder ◽  
Jared A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections ◽  
Lipopeptide Antibiotic

ABSTRACT Most antibiotics with bactericidal activity require that the bacteria be actively dividing to produce rapid killing. However, in many infections, such as endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, and infected embedded catheters, the bacteria divide slowly or not at all. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with a distinct mechanism of action that targets the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus. Daptomycin is rapidly bactericidal against exponentially growing bacteria (a 3-log reduction in 60 min). The objectives of this study were to determine if daptomycin is bactericidal against nondividing S. aureus and to quantify the extent of the bactericidal activity. In high-inoculum methicillin-sensitive S. aureus cultures in stationary phase (1010 CFU/ml), daptomycin displayed concentration-dependent bactericidal activity, requiring 32 μg/ml to achieve a 3-log reduction. In a study comparing several antibiotics at 100 μg/ml, daptomycin demonstrated faster bactericidal activity than nafcillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. In experiments where bacterial cell growth was halted by the metabolic inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone or erythromycin, daptomycin (10 μg/ml) achieved the bactericidal end point (a 3-log reduction) within 2 h. In contrast, ciprofloxacin (10 μg/ml) did not produce bactericidal activity. Daptomycin (2 μg/ml) remained bactericidal against cold-arrested S. aureus, which was protected from the actions of ciprofloxacin and nafcillin. The data presented here suggest that, in contrast to that of other classes of antibiotics, the bactericidal activity of daptomycin does not require cell division or active metabolism, most likely as a consequence of its direct action on the bacterial membrane.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic-joint infections and nares highlights genetic traits associated with antimicrobial resistance, not virulence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeli Månsson ◽  
Thor Bech Johannesen ◽  
Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson ◽  
Bo Söderquist ◽  
Marc Stegger
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections

There is increased awareness of the worldwide spread of specific epidemic multidrug-resistant (MDR) lineages of the human commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis . Here, using bioinformatic analyses accounting for population structure, we determined genomic traits (genes, SNPs and k-mers) that distinguish S. epidermidis causing prosthetic-joint infections (PJIs) from commensal isolates from nares, by analysing whole-genome sequencing data from S. epidermidis from PJIs prospectively collected over 10 years in Sweden, and contemporary S. epidermidis from the nares of patients scheduled for arthroplasty surgery. Previously suggested virulence determinants and the presence of genes and mutations linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were also investigated. Publicly available S. epidermidis sequences were used for international extrapolation and validation of findings. Our data show that S. epidermidis causing PJIs differed from nasal isolates not by virulence but by traits associated with resistance to compounds used in prevention of PJIs: β-lactams, aminoglycosides and chlorhexidine. Almost a quarter of the PJI isolates did not belong to any of the previously described major nosocomial lineages, but the AMR-related traits were also over-represented in these isolates, as well as in international S. epidermidis isolates originating from PJIs. Genes previously associated with virulence in S. epidermidis were over-represented in individual lineages, but failed to reach statistical significance when adjusted for population structure. Our findings suggest that the current strategies for prevention of PJIs select for nosocomial MDR S. epidermidis lineages that have arisen from horizontal gene transfer of AMR-related traits into multiple genetic backgrounds.

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