scholarly journals Nutrient requirements for growth of the extreme oligotroph ‘Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique’ HTCC1062 on a defined medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Carini ◽  
Laura Steindler ◽  
Sara Beszteri ◽  
Stephen J Giovannoni
Keyword(s):  
Defined Medium ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Candidatus Pelagibacter Ubique

The Quantitative Glucose and Mineral Nutrient Requirements of Mouse LS (Suspension) Cells in Chemically Defined Medium

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-700
Author(s):  
J. R. BIRCH ◽  
S. J. PIRT
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Maximum Population Density

The influences of glucose, phosphate, magnesium and potassium concentration on growth rate and maximum population density were studied. From the data obtained the growth yields for glucose and phosphorus were found to be 2.4 x 105 cells (i.e. 0.76 mg dry weight)/mg glucose and 2.2 x 105 (i.e. 69 µg dry weight)/µg P. The growth response to magnesium and potassium was complex since there were threshold concentrations of these metals below which no growth occurred. The growth yield for potassium (2.4 x 105 cells (i.e. 75 µg dry weight)/µg K) was obtained by measuring potassium uptake during growth. Omission of calcium ions from the medium resulted in poor reproducibility of growth.

Primary culture of rat ependymal cells in serum-free defined medium

1986 ◽  
Vol 390 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M WEIBEL ◽  
B PETTMANN ◽  
J ARTAULT ◽  
M SENSENBRENNER ◽  
G LABOURDETTE
Keyword(s):  
Primary Culture ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Serum Free

EURRECA’s Approach for Estimating Micronutrient Requirements

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Lisette de Groot ◽  
Lee Hooper ◽  
Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Quantitative Integration

In Europe, micronutrient dietary reference values have been established by (inter)national committees of experts and are used by public health policy decision-makers to monitor and assess the adequacy of diets within population groups. The approaches used to derive dietary reference values (including average requirements) vary considerably across countries, and so far no evidence-based reason has been identified for this variation. Nutrient requirements are traditionally based on the minimum amount of a nutrient needed by an individual to avoid deficiency, and is defined by the body’s physiological needs. Alternatively the requirement can be defined as the intake at which health is optimal, including the prevention of chronic diet-related diseases. Both approaches are confronted with many challenges (e. g., bioavailability, inter and intra-individual variability). EURRECA has derived a transparent approach for the quantitative integration of evidence on Intake-Status-Health associations and/or Factorial approach (including bioavailability) estimates. To facilitate the derivation of dietary reference values, EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) is developing a process flow chart to guide nutrient requirement-setting bodies through the process of setting dietary reference values, which aims to facilitate the scientific alignment of deriving these values.

The nutritional consequences of foraging in primates: the relationship of nutrient intakes to nutrient requirements

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1270) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Many studies have examined the proportion of time that primates devote to feeding on various types of food, but relatively little is known about the intake rates associated with each food. However, the nutritional consequences of foraging can only be interpreted by comparing nutrient intakes with estimated nutrient requirements. The energy available to primates from ingested foods will depend both on the composition of the food and the extent to which various constituents, including fibre fractions, are digested. Both human and non-human primates have relatively low requirements for protein as a consequence of slow growth rates, small milk yields and relatively dilute milk. Because the nutrient demands of growth and reproduction are spread out over time, it appears that primates do not need to seek out foods of particularly high nutrient density, except perhaps during weaning. Although food selection in some species of primates appears to be correlated with the protein concentration of foods, it is unlikely that high dietary protein levels are required, at least when foods of balanced amino acid composition (such as leaves) are included in the diet.

scholarly journals Drivers of Macrophyte and Diatom Diversity in a Shallow Hypertrophic Lake

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Kateřina Šumberová ◽  
Ondřej Vild ◽  
Michal Ducháček ◽  
Martina Fabšičová ◽  
Jan Potužák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Different Parts

We studied macrophyte and diatom assemblages and a range of environmental factors in the large hypertrophic Dehtář fishpond (Southern Bohemia, Czech Republic) over the course of several growing seasons. The spatial diversity of the environment was considered when collecting diatoms and water samples in three distinct parts of the fishpond, where automatic sensor stations continually measuring basic factors were established. Macrophytes were mapped in 30 segments of the fishpond littoral altogether. High species richness and spatiotemporal variability were found in assemblages of these groups of autotrophs. Water level fluctuations, caused by the interaction of fish farming management and climatic extremes, were identified as one of the most important factors shaping the structure and species composition of diatom and macrophyte assemblages. The distance of the sampling sites from large inflows reflected well the spatial variability within the fishpond, with important differences in duration of bottom drainage and exposure to disturbances in different parts of the fishpond. Disturbances caused by intensive wave action are most probably a crucial factor allowing the coexistence of species with different nutrient requirements under the hypertrophic conditions of the Dehtář fishpond. Due to a range of variables tested and climatic extremes encountered, our study may be considered as a basis for predictive model constructions in similar hypertrophic water bodies under a progressing climate change.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling of Porcine Blastocysts Produced In Vitro in a Chemically Defined Culture Medium

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Josep M. Cambra ◽  
Emilio A. Martinez ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Maria A. Gil ◽  
Cristina Cuello
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Defined Culture ◽  
The Impact

The development of chemically defined media is a growing trend in in vitro embryo production (IVP). Recently, traditional undefined culture medium with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been successfully replaced by a chemically defined medium using substances with embryotrophic properties such as platelet factor 4 (PF4). Although the use of this medium sustains IVP, the impact of defined media on the embryonic transcriptome has not been fully elucidated. This study analyzed the transcriptome of porcine IVP blastocysts, cultured in defined (PF4 group) and undefined media (BSA group) by microarrays. In vivo-derived blastocysts (IVV group) were used as a standard of maximum embryo quality. The results showed no differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the PF4 and BSA groups. However, a total of 2780 and 2577 DEGs were detected when comparing the PF4 or the BSA group with the IVV group, respectively. Most of these genes were common in both in vitro groups (2132) and present in some enriched pathways, such as cell cycle, lysosome and/or metabolic pathways. These results show that IVP conditions strongly affect embryo transcriptome and that the defined culture medium with PF4 is a guaranteed replacement for traditional culture with BSA.

Living costs and welfare ratios in Western Europe: new estimates using a linear programming model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Zegarra
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
European Cities

Abstract This study provides new estimates on welfare ratios for London, Amsterdam, Paris, Strasbourg, Munich, and Leipzig for 1600–1850. I use a linear programming model to compute the basket that minimizes the food cost subject to nutrient requirements. For a balanced nutrition, I take into consideration that people should ingest not only calories and proteins, but also fat, iron, and some basic vitamins. The results suggest that living standards in Western Europe were lower than previously thought. However, like previous studies, this article suggests that welfare ratios in London were higher than in other European cities.

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