scholarly journals Does gastric bypass surgery change body weight set point?

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. S37-S43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hao ◽  
M B Mumphrey ◽  
C D Morrison ◽  
H Münzberg ◽  
J Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Set Point

scholarly journals Blood pressure reduction after gastric bypass surgery is explained by a decrease in cardiac output

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. van Brussel ◽  
Bas van den Bogaard ◽  
Barbara A. de Weijer ◽  
Jasper Truijen ◽  
C.T. Paul Krediet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Contractility ◽  
Left Ventricular Contractility

Blood pressure (BP) decreases in the first weeks after Roux-and-Y gastric bypass surgery. Yet the pathophysiology of the BP-lowering effects observed after gastric bypass surgery is incompletely understood. We evaluated BP, systemic hemodynamics, and baroreflex sensitivity in 15 obese women[mean age 42 ± 7 standard deviation (SD) yr, body mass index 45 ± 6 kg/m2] 2 wk before and 6 wk following Roux-and-Y gastric bypass surgery. Six weeks after gastric bypass surgery, mean body weight decreased by 13 ± 5 kg (10%, P < 0.001). Office BP decreased from 137 ± 10/86 ± 6 to 128 ± 12/81 ± 9 mmHg ( P < 0.001, P < 0.01), while daytime ambulatory BP decreased from 128 ± 14/80 ± 9 to 114 ± 10/73 ± 6 mmHg ( P = 0.01, P = 0.05), whereas nighttime BP decreased from 111 ± 13/66 ± 7 to 102 ± 9/62 ± 7 mmHg ( P = 0.04, P < 0.01). The decrease in BP was associated with a 1.6 ± 1.2 l/min (20%, P < 0.01) decrease in cardiac output (CO), while systemic vascular resistance increased (153 ± 189 dyn·s·cm−5, 15%, P < 0.01). The maximal ascending slope in systolic blood pressure decreased (192 mmHg/s, 19%, P = 0.01), suggesting a reduction in left ventricular contractility. Baroreflex sensitivity increased from 9.0 [6.4–14.3] to 13.8 [8.5–19.0] ms/mmHg (median [interquartile range]; P < 0.01) and was inversely correlated with the reductions in heart rate ( R = −0.64, P = 0.02) and CO ( R = −0.61, P = 0.03). In contrast, changes in body weight were not correlated with changes in either BP or CO. The BP reduction following Roux-and-Y gastric bypass surgery is correlated with a decrease in CO independent of changes in body weight. The contribution of heart rate to the reduction in CO together with enhanced baroreflex sensitivity suggests a shift toward increased parasympathetic cardiovascular control. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The reason for the decrease in blood pressure (BP) in the first weeks after gastric bypass surgery remains to be elucidated. We show that the reduction in BP following surgery is caused by a decrease in cardiac output. In addition, the maximal ascending slope in systolic blood pressure decreased suggesting a reduction in left ventricular contractility and cardiac workload. These findings help to understand the physiological changes following gastric bypass surgery and are relevant in light of the increased risk of heart failure in these patients.

Gastric Bypass Surgery Causes Body Weight Loss Without Reducing Food Intake in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne W. Furnes ◽  
Karin Tømmerås ◽  
Carl-Jørgen Arum ◽  
Chun-Mei Zhao ◽  
Duan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Body Weight Loss

scholarly journals Reprogramming of defended body weight after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass surgery in diet-induced obese mice

Obesity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Hao ◽  
Michael B. Mumphrey ◽  
R. Leigh Townsend ◽  
Christopher D. Morrison ◽  
Heike Münzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Obese Mice

Emotional eating behavior hinders body weight loss in women after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Nutrition ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Romero Novelli ◽  
Laís Gomes Fonseca ◽  
Daniela Lopes Gomes ◽  
Eliane Said Dutra ◽  
Kênia Mara Baiocchi de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Body Weight Loss

scholarly journals Gastric bypass surgery alters behavioral and neural taste functions for sweet taste in obese rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (4) ◽  
pp. G967-G979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Hajnal ◽  
Peter Kovacs ◽  
Tamer Ahmed ◽  
Katia Meirelles ◽  
Christopher J. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Malabsorptive Procedure

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (GBS) is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. GBS is a restrictive malabsorptive procedure, but many patients also report altered taste preferences. This study investigated the effects of GBS or a sham operation (SH) on body weight, glucose tolerance, and behavioral and neuronal taste functions in the obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats lacking CCK-1 receptors and lean controls (LETO). OLETF-GBS rats lost body weight (−26%) and demonstrated improved glucose tolerance. They also expressed a reduction in 24-h two-bottle preference for sucrose (0.3 and 1.0 M) and decreased 10-s lick responses for sucrose (0.3 through 1.5 M) compared with OLETF-SH or LETO-GBS. A similar effect was noted for other sweet compounds but not for salty, sour, or bitter tastants. In lean rats, GBS did not alter responses to any stimulus tested. Extracellular recordings from 170 taste-responsive neurons of the pontine parabrachial nucleus revealed a rightward shift in concentration responses to oral sucrose in obese compared with lean rats (OLETF-SH vs. LETO-SH): overall increased response magnitudes (above 0.9 M), and maximum responses occurring at higher concentrations (+0.46 M). These effects were reversed by GBS, and neural responses in OLETF-GBS were statistically not different from those in any LETO groups. These findings confirm obesity-related alterations in taste functions and demonstrate the ability of GBS to alleviate these impairments. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of GBS appear to be independent of CCK-1 receptor signaling. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms for reduced preferences for sweet taste could help in developing less invasive treatments for obesity.

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