scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids prevent early-life antibiotic exposure-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and later-life obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kaliannan ◽  
B Wang ◽  
X-Y Li ◽  
A K Bhan ◽  
J X Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Effect of Mediterranean Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Myriam Calabrese ◽  
Alessia Valentini ◽  
Giorgio Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epithelial Integrity

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Regarding the latter, gut microbiota has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of T1DM, by affecting intestinal permeability, molecular mimicry, and modulating innate and adaptive immune system, as described in several previous studies. The composition of the gut microbiota is largely influenced by diet. Some observational studies have shown that a low fiber intake is associated with the development of many inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is based on high consumption of cereals (preferably as whole grains), legumes, nuts, vegetables, fruits, olive oil, and fish, could play a protective role. Many of the characteristic components of MD have functional characteristics with positive effects on health and well-being. Eating habits are the main significant determinants of the microbial multiplicity of the intestine and the food components influence both microbial populations and their metabolic activities from the early stages of life. Moreover, food metabolites influence the immune response. The intestine is considered the primary site where food metabolites mediate their effects, through epithelial integrity or mucosal immunity. The compromised epithelial integrity allows the translocation of bacteria and/or the diffusion of their products, such as food antigens and lipopolysaccharides, from the intestinal lumen to the tissues, which could enhance the stimulation of immune cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as T1DM. The intake of a high amount of fiber and therefore of prebiotics with MD allows the microbiota to have a good microbial balance. Moreover, as more dietary fibers are ingested, a higher amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is produced by anaerobic gut microbiota, promoting gut homeostasis, to which also contribute tryptophan metabolites and omega-3-fatty acids. Furthermore, the higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3-fatty-acids contribute to a better metabolic control. In this review we report the relationship between gut microbiota and T1DM and we explore the effects of Mediterranean diet on microbiota as a potential therapeutic strategy, aimed at preventing or delaying progression of T1DM and its complications.

scholarly journals Metabolic profiles of socio-economic position: a multi-cohort analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Robinson ◽  
Alice R Carter ◽  
Mika Ala-Korpela ◽  
Juan P Casas ◽  
Nishi Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Economic Position

Abstract Background Low socio-economic position (SEP) is a risk factor for multiple health outcomes, but its molecular imprints in the body remain unclear. Methods We examined SEP as a determinant of serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profiles in ∼30 000 adults and 4000 children across 10 UK and Finnish cohort studies. Results In risk-factor-adjusted analysis of 233 metabolic measures, low educational attainment was associated with 37 measures including higher levels of triglycerides in small high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-3 fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1, large and very large HDL particles (including levels of their respective lipid constituents) and cholesterol measures across different density lipoproteins. Among adults whose father worked in manual occupations, associations with apolipoprotein A1, large and very large HDL particles and HDL-2 cholesterol remained after adjustment for SEP in later life. Among manual workers, levels of glutamine were higher compared with non-manual workers. All three indicators of low SEP were associated with lower DHA, omega-3 fatty acids and HDL diameter. At all ages, children of manual workers had lower levels of DHA as a proportion of total fatty acids. Conclusions Our work indicates that social and economic factors have a measurable impact on human physiology. Lower SEP was independently associated with a generally unfavourable metabolic profile, consistent across ages and cohorts. The metabolites we found to be associated with SEP, including DHA, are known to predict cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline in later life and may contribute to health inequalities.

scholarly journals Maternal omega-3 fatty acids regulate offspring obesity through persistent modulation of gut microbiota

Microbiome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruairi C. Robertson ◽  
Kanakaraju Kaliannan ◽  
Conall R. Strain ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Costantini ◽  
Romina Molinari ◽  
Barbara Farinon ◽  
Nicolò Merendino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals The composition of the gut microbiota following early-life antibiotic exposure affects host health and longevity in later life

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 109564
Author(s):  
Miriam A. Lynn ◽  
Georgina Eden ◽  
Feargal J. Ryan ◽  
Julien Bensalem ◽  
Xuemin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Host Health

scholarly journals Early Life Stress Interacts with the Diet Deficiency of Omega-3 Fatty Acids during the Life Course Increasing the Metabolic Vulnerability in Adult Rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e62031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana R. Bernardi ◽  
Charles F. Ferreira ◽  
Gabrielle Senter ◽  
Rachel Krolow ◽  
Bianca W. de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Life Course
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