Human obesity as a heritable disorder of the central control of energy balance

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (S7) ◽  
pp. S55-S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S O'Rahilly ◽  
I S Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Heritable Disorder

scholarly journals Cathepsins in Human Obesity: Changes in Energy Balance Predominantly Affect Cathepsin S in Adipose Tissue and in Circulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-680
Author(s):  
Nadia Naour ◽  
Christine Rouault ◽  
Soraya Fellahi ◽  
Marie-Eve Lavoie ◽  
Christine Poitou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Human Obesity

scholarly journals Cathepsins in Human Obesity: Changes in Energy Balance Predominantly Affect Cathepsin S in Adipose Tissue and in Circulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Naour ◽  
Christine Rouault ◽  
Soraya Fellahi ◽  
Marie-Eve Lavoie ◽  
Christine Poitou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Human Obesity

A self-correcting indirect calorimeter system for the measurement of energy balance in small animals

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalan R. Jensen ◽  
Ellis C. Gayles ◽  
Stefen Ammon ◽  
Robert Phillips ◽  
Robert H. Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Many

Indirect calorimetry involves measurement of CO2 produced and O2 consumed by an organism. These measurements are then used to calculate energy output, metabolic rate (MR), and respiratory quotient (RQ), a relative assessment of carbohydrate and lipid oxidation. By far the most difficult aspect of indirect calorimetry is measurement of O2. Moreover, the abundance of O2 (20.95%) relative to CO2 (0.03%) in ambient conditions dictates that measurement errors of O2 have greater implications on calculations of MR and RQ. Because compressed air is not feasible for use with animals in long-term experiments, changes in ambient conditions are nearly unavoidable. A self-correcting indirect calorimetry system was designed and constructed utilizing differential O2 and CO2 analyzers and a blank cage to monitor ambient conditions periodically. The system was validated by changing ambient O2 and CO2 concentrations by infusing N2 into the system during a test butane burn. MR and RQ were largely unaffected by these changes in ambient conditions, and inclusion of a blank cage in the system accounted for slight calibration offsets. MR and RQ were measured in mice ( n= 95) with and without correction for any small changes in ambient conditions measured in the blank cage. Coefficients of variation for MR and RQ were significantly decreased by taking into account ambient conditions measured in the blank cage ( P < 0.001), which resulted in a 2.3% increase in precision for measurement of MR. This system will be used to more accurately assess long-term measurements of energy balance in the many murine models of leanness and obesity to gain better insights into pathophysiology and treatment of human obesity.

scholarly journals Obesity: from molecules to man

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Jebb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Uk

Obesity is now a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. In the UK over 16 % men and 17.5 % women are obese, an increase of more than 100 % since 1980. However, interventions to prevent and treat obesity are hampered by an inadequate understanding of the aetiology of this condition. The present paper considers the current state of knowledge regarding the causes of obesity, including some of the genetic, metabolic, behavioural and environmental factors which influence energy balance. The present paper comprises The Nutrition Society Medal Lecture and focuses in particular on the research carried out at the MRC Dunn Nutrition Centre in Cambridge. It argues that despite decades of intensive research there is relatively little evidence of genetic or metabolic defects to explain the majority of cases of human obesity. Instead we must look to behavioural and/or environmental factors which may be underpinning the current epidemic of obesity.

scholarly journals A Role for Natriuretic Peptides in the Central Control of Energy Balance?

Diabetes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1379-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Berkseth ◽  
E. Schur ◽  
M. W. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Central Control
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