ROSS RIVER VIRUS GENETIC VARIANTS IN AUSTRALIA AND THE PACIFIC ISLANDS

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Faragher ◽  
ID Marshall ◽  
L Dalgarno
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution and Evolution of Ross River Virus in Australia and the Pacific Islands

Virology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Sammels ◽  
Robert J. Coelen ◽  
Michael D. Lindsay ◽  
John S. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals New evidence for endemic circulation of Ross River virus in the Pacific Islands and the potential for emergence

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Lau ◽  
Maite Aubry ◽  
Didier Musso ◽  
Anita Teissier ◽  
Sylvie Paulous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Temperature explains broad patterns of Ross River virus transmission across Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta S. Shocket ◽  
Sadie J. Ryan ◽  
Erin A. Mordecai
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropics

ABSTRACTTemperature impacts the physiology of ectotherms, including vectors that transmit disease. While thermal biology predicts nonlinear effects of temperature on vector and pathogen traits that drive disease transmission, the empirical relationship between temperature and transmission remains unknown for most vector-borne pathogens. We built a mechanistic model to estimate the thermal response of Ross River virus, an important mosquito-borne pathogen of humans in Australia, the Pacific Islands, and potentially emerging worldwide. Transmission peaks at moderate temperatures (26.4°C) and declines to zero at low (17.0°C) and high (31.5°C) temperatures. The model predicted broad patterns of disease across Australia. First, transmission is year-round endemic in the tropics and sub-tropics but seasonal in temperate zones. Second, nationwide human cases peak seasonally as predicted from population-weighted seasonal temperatures. These results illustrate the importance of nonlinear, mechanistic models for inferring the role of temperature in disease dynamics and predicting responses to climate change.

Growing Coconut Palms in the Pacific Islands: Colliding Knowledge and Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
The West ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Coconuts provided commodities for the West in the form of coconut oil and copra. Once colonial governments established control of the tropical Pacific Islands, they needed revenue so urged European settlers to establish coconut plantations. For some decades most copra came from Indigenous growers. Administrations constantly urged the people to thin old groves and plant new ones like plantations, in grid patterns, regularly spaced and weeded. Local growers were instructed to collect all fallen coconuts for copra from their groves. For half a century, the administrations’ requirements met with Indigenous passive resistance. This paper examines the underlying reasons for this, elucidating Indigenous ecological and social values, based on experiential knowledge, knowledge that clashed with Western scientific values.

Systematics, Biogeography, and Morphological Character Evolution of the Hemiepiphytic Subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zuluaga ◽  
Martin Llano ◽  
Ken Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
R Package ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Tropics

The subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae) is the third richest clade in the family, with ca. 369 described species and ca. 700 estimated. It comprises mostly hemiepiphytic or epiphytic plants restricted to the tropics, with three intercontinental disjunctions. Using a dataset representing all 12 genera in Monsteroideae (126 taxa), and five plastid and two nuclear markers, we studied the systematics and historical biogeography of the group. We found high support for the monophyly of the three major clades (Spathiphylleae sister to Heteropsis Kunth and Rhaphidophora Hassk. clades), and for six of the genera within Monsteroideae. However, we found low rates of variation in the DNA sequences used and a lack of molecular markers suitable for species-level phylogenies in the group. We also performed ancestral state reconstruction of some morphological characters traditionally used for genera delimitation. Only seed shape and size, number of seeds, number of locules, and presence of endosperm showed utility in the classification of genera in Monsteroideae. We estimated ancestral ranges using a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model as implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS and found evidence for a Gondwanan origin of the clade. One tropical disjunction (Monstera Adans. sister to Amydrium Schott–Epipremnum Schott) was found to be the product of a previous Boreotropical distribution. Two other disjunctions are more recent and likely due to long-distance dispersal: Spathiphyllum Schott (with Holochlamys Engl. nested within) represents a dispersal from South America to the Pacific Islands in Southeast Asia, and Rhaphidophora represents a dispersal from Asia to Africa. Future studies based on stronger phylogenetic reconstructions and complete morphological datasets are needed to explore the details of speciation and migration within and among areas in Asia.

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