COMPONENTS IN THE REGULATION OF SALT BALANCE: SALT APPETITE STUDIED BY OPERANT BEHAVIOUR

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Abraham ◽  
R Baker ◽  
DA Denton ◽  
Frances Kraintz ◽  
L Kraintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operant Behaviour ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Balance Salt

SGK1 as a determinant of kidney function and salt intake in response to mineralocorticoid excess

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. R395-R401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Vallon ◽  
Dan Yang Huang ◽  
Florian Grahammer ◽  
Amanda W. Wyatt ◽  
Hartmut Osswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mineralocorticoids modify salt balance by both stimulating salt intake and inhibiting salt loss. Renal salt retention is accomplished by upregulation of reabsorption, an effect partially mediated by serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). The present study explored the contribution of SGK1 to the regulation of renal function, salt intake, and blood pressure during mineralocorticoid excess. DOCA/1% NaCl treatment increased blood pressure and creatinine clearance to a similar extent in SGK1-deficient sgk1−/− and wild-type sgk1+/+ mice but led to more pronounced increase of proteinuria in sgk1+/+ mice (by 474 ± 89%) than in sgk1−/− mice (by 154 ± 31%). DOCA/1% NaCl treatment led to significant increase of kidney weight (by 24%) and to hypokalemia (from 3.9 ± 0.1 to 2.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) only in sgk1+/+ mice. The treatment enhanced renal Na+ excretion significantly more in sgk1+/+ mice (from 3 ± 1 to 134 ± 32 μmol·24 h−1·g body wt−1) than in sgk1−/− mice (from 4 ± 1 to 49 ± 8 μmol·24 h−1·g body wt−1), pointing to SGK1-dependent stimulation of salt intake. With access to two drinking bottles containing 1% NaCl or water, DOCA treatment did not significantly affect water intake in either genotype but increased 1% NaCl intake in sgk1+/+ mice (within 9 days from 3.5 ± 0.9 to 16.5 ± 2.4 ml/day) consistent with DOCA-induced salt appetite. This response was significantly attenuated in sgk1−/− mice (from 2.6 ± 0.6 to 5.9 ± 0.9 ml/day). Thus SGK1 contributes to the stimulation of salt intake, kidney growth, proteinuria, and renal K+ excretion during mineralocorticoid excess.

scholarly journals Association of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer: Clinical relevance for alcohol dependence

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Sebold ◽  
Maria Garbusow ◽  
Deniz Cerci ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Christian Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Operant Behaviour ◽  
Oprm1 Gene ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
A118g Polymorphism

Background: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) quantifies the extent to which a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment alters operant behaviour. In alcohol dependence (AD), the PIT effect serves as a paradigmatic model of cue-induced relapse. Preclinical studies have suggested a critical role of the opioid system in modulating Pavlovian–instrumental interactions. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene affects opioid receptor availability and function. Furthermore, this polymorphism interacts with cue-induced approach behaviour and is a potential biomarker for pharmacological treatment response in AD. In this study, we tested whether the OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with the PIT effect and relapse in AD. Methods: Using a PIT task, we examined three independent samples: young healthy subjects ( N = 161), detoxified alcohol-dependent patients ( N = 186) and age-matched healthy controls ( N = 105). We used data from a larger study designed to assess the role of learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of AD. Subjects were genotyped for the A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene. Relapse was assessed after three months. Results: In all three samples, participants with the minor OPRM1 G-Allele (G+ carriers) showed increased expression of the PIT effect in the absence of learning differences. Relapse was not associated with the OPRM1 polymorphism. Instead, G+ carriers displaying increased PIT effects were particularly prone to relapse. Conclusion: These results support a role for the opioid system in incentive salience motivation. Furthermore, they inform a mechanistic model of aberrant salience processing and are in line with the pharmacological potential of opioid receptor targets in the treatment of AD.

Acute and chronic ethanol tolerance: operant behaviour in naive and ethanol tolerant rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto J. Hiltunen ◽  
Torbjörn U. C. Järbe
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Operant Behaviour

scholarly journals Age-related declines in thirst and salt appetite responses in male Fischer 344×Brown Norway rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Thunhorst ◽  
Terry Beltz ◽  
Alan Kim Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Brown Norway ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Norway Rats

Dynamics model to simulate water and salt balance of Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 2499-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusufujiang Rusuli ◽  
Lanhai Li ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Salt Balance ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Bosten Lake ◽  
Water And Salt Balance

Intravenous angiotensin and salt appetite in rats

Appetite ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Fitts ◽  
Dannielle K. Zierath ◽  
Anna V. Savos ◽  
Jacqueline M. Ho ◽  
John E. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Salt Appetite
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document