RECOMBINATION BETWEEN NEUROTROPIC AND NON-NEUROTROPIC INFLUENZA VIRUS STRAINS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E Lind ◽  
PM Burnet
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Strains

Inhibition of ciliary activity in organ cultures of ferret trachea in reference to genetic and biological characters of influenza virus strains

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Diaz-Rodriguez ◽  
A. Boudreault
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Virus Strains

As reported previously, attenuated stable inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses can be screened by a 50% ciliary activity inhibition test in ferret tracheal organ cultures. This test was further applied to 5 attenuated cold-adapted influenza strains and to 11 strains with known a percentage of RNA–RNA hybridization with the parental A/PR/8/34 (H0N1) virus strain. Again, with one exception, attenuated strains could be clearly differentiated from virulent ones. It was concluded that virulence of influenza strains for man can be detected using this test regardless of the techniques used to prepare attenuated variants. A preliminary screening of attenuated candidates for live influenza vaccines can be achieved with confidence on ferret tracheal organ cultures.

Target-size embracing dimension for sensitive detection of viruses with various sizes and influenza virus strains

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Yi Lin ◽  
Jiunn-Der Liao ◽  
Mei-Lin Yang ◽  
Chao-Liang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Controlling Avian Influenza Virus in Bangladesh: Challenges and Recommendations

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Rokshana Parvin ◽  
Mohammed Nooruzzaman ◽  
Congriev Kumar Kabiraj ◽  
Jahan Ara Begum ◽  
Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
New Host ◽  
Multiple Virus ◽  
Virus Spreading ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
New Host Species

Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a huge challenge for poultry production with negative repercussions for micro- and macro-economy and public health in Bangladesh. High (HP) H5N1 and low pathogenicity (LP) H9N2 AIV are currently endemic in poultry, and both have been reported to infect humans sporadically. Multiple virus introductions of different clades of HPAIV H5N1, reassorted genotypes, and on-going diversification of LPAIV H9N2 create a highly volatile virological environment which potentially implicates increased virulence, adaptation to new host species, and subsequent zoonotic transmission. Allotropy of poultry rearing systems and supply chains further increase the risk of virus spreading, which leads to human exposure and fosters the emergence of new potentially pre-pandemic virus strains. Here, we review the epidemiology, focusing on (i) risk factors for virus spreading, (ii) viral genetic evolution, and (iii) options for AIV control in Bangladesh. It is concluded that improved control strategies would profit from the integration of various intervention tools, including effective vaccination, enhanced biosecurity practice, and improved awareness of producers and traders, although widespread household poultry rearing significantly interferes with any such strategies. Nevertheless, continuous surveillance associated with rapid diagnosis and thorough virus characterization is the basis of such strategies.

scholarly journals Changes in RNA secondary structure affect NS1 protein expression during early stage influenza virus infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Baranovskaya ◽  
Mariia Sergeeva ◽  
Artem Fadeev ◽  
Renata Kadirova ◽  
Anna Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Rna Secondary Structure ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Virus Strains

AbstractRNA secondary structures play a key role in splicing, gene expression, microRNA biogenesis, RNA editing, and other biological processes. The importance of RNA structures has been demonstrated in the life cycle of RNA-containing viruses, including the influenza virus. At least two regions of conserved secondary structure in NS segment (+) RNA are predicted to vary among influenza virus strains with respect to thermodynamic stability; both fall in the NS1 open reading frame. The NS1 protein is involved in multiple virus-host interaction processes, and its main function is to inhibit the cellular immune response to viral infection. Using a reverse genetics approach, four influenza virus strains were constructed featuring mutations that have different effects on RNA secondary structure. Growth curve experiments and ELISA data show that, at least in the first viral replication cycle, mutations G123A and A132G affecting RNA structure in the (82–148) NS RNA region influence NS1 protein expression.

ANTIGENIC CHANGES IN MOUSE-ADAPTED INFLUENZA VIRUS STRAINS

The Lancet ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 321 (8335) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Gitelman ◽  
N.V. Kaverin ◽  
I.G. Kharitonenkov ◽  
I.A. Rudneva ◽  
V.M. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Genetic evolution of equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated in France from 1967 to 2015 and the implications of several potential pathogenic factors

Virology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Fougerolle ◽  
Loïc Legrand ◽  
Fanny Lecouturier ◽  
Corinne Sailleau ◽  
Romain Paillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Virus Strains
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