scholarly journals Sexual selection for genetic compatibility: the role of the major histocompatibility complex on cryptic female choice in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Heredity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gessner ◽  
S Nakagawa ◽  
M Zavodna ◽  
N J Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Genetic Compatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Male–female relatedness at specific SNP-linkage groups influences cryptic female choice in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha )

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1859) ◽  
pp. 20170853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Geßner ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson ◽  
Paul Fisher ◽  
Shannon Clarke ◽  
Kim Rutherford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Choice ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Sperm Velocity ◽  
Ovarian Fluid ◽  
The Impact

In a range of taxa, the relatedness between mates influences both pre- and post-mating processes of sexual selection. However, relatively little is known about the genetic loci facilitating such a bias, with the exception of the major histocompatibility complex. Here, we performed tightly controlled replicated in vitro fertilization trials to explore the impact of relatedness on two possible mechanisms of cryptic female choice (CFC) in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). We tested (i) whether relatedness of mates, assessed using 682 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 29 SNP-linkage groups (LGs), biases a male's sperm velocity in ovarian fluid (a parameter previously shown to predict male fertilization success), and (ii) whether relatedness of mates governs fertilization success via other mechanisms, probably via sperm–egg interactions. We found that relatedness on three LGs explained the variation in sperm velocity, and relatedness on two LGs explained fertilization success, which might indicate the presence of genes important in sperm–ovarian fluid and sperm–egg interactions in these genomic regions. Mapping of the SNPs on these LGs to the rainbow trout genome revealed two genes that affect fertility in humans and represent candidate genes for further studies. Our results thereby provide a novel contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of CFC.

scholarly journals Sexual conflict inhibits female mate choice for major histocompatibility complex dissimilarity in Chinook salmon

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1683) ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Garner ◽  
Romina N. Bortoluzzi ◽  
Daniel D. Heath ◽  
Bryan D. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Male Harassment ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

In many species females prefer major histocompatibility complex (MHC) dissimilar mates, which may improve offspring resistance to pathogens. However, sexual conflict may interfere with female preference when males attempt to mate with all females, regardless of compatibility. Here we used semi-natural spawning channels to examine how mating behaviour and genetic similarity at the MHC class II peptide binding region affected parentage patterns in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). We found that females directed aggression at more MHC-similar males than expected by chance, providing a possible mechanism of female MHC choice in salmon. Males also directed aggression towards MHC-similar females, which was consistent with males harassing unreceptive mates. Males' aggression was positively correlated with their reproductive success, and it appeared to overcome female aversion to mating with MHC-similar males, as females who were the target of high levels of male aggression had lower than expected MHC divergence in their offspring. Indeed, offspring MHC divergence was highest when the sex ratio was female-biased and male harassment was likely to be less intense. These data suggest that male harassment can reduce female effectiveness in selecting MHC-compatible mates, and sexual conflict can thus have an indirect cost to females.

scholarly journals Cryptic female choice enhances fertilization success and embryo survival in chinook salmon

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1827) ◽  
pp. 20160001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Rosengrave ◽  
Robert Montgomerie ◽  
Neil Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Female Choice ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Sperm Swimming Speed ◽  
Fertilization Experiments

In this study, we investigated two potentially important intersexual postcopulatory gametic interactions in a population of chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ): (i) the effect of female ovarian fluid (OF) on the behaviour of spermatozoa during fertilization and (ii) the effects of multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) (as an index of male quality) and female–male genetic relatedness on sperm behaviour and male fertilization success when there is sperm competition in the presence of that OF. To do this, we conducted a series of in vitro competitive fertilization experiments and found that, when ejaculates from two males are competing for access to a single female's unfertilized eggs, fertilization success was significantly biased towards the male whose sperm swam fastest in the female's OF. Embryo survival—a measure of fitness—was also positively correlated with both sperm swimming speed in OF and male MLH, providing novel evidence that cryptic female choice is adaptive for the female, enhancing the early survival of her offspring and potentially influencing her fitness.

scholarly journals Cryptic female choice favours sperm from major histocompatibility complex-dissimilar males

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1769) ◽  
pp. 20131296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Løvlie ◽  
Mark A. F. Gillingham ◽  
Kirsty Worley ◽  
Tommaso Pizzari ◽  
David S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Red Junglefowl ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mhc Locus

Cryptic female choice may enable polyandrous females to avoid inbreeding or bias offspring variability at key loci after mating. However, the role of these genetic benefits in cryptic female choice remains poorly understood. Female red junglefowl, Gallus gallus , bias sperm use in favour of unrelated males. Here, we experimentally investigate whether this bias is driven by relatedness per se , or by similarity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), genes central to vertebrate acquired immunity, where polymorphism is critical to an individual's ability to combat pathogens. Through experimentally controlled natural matings, we confirm that selection against related males' sperm occurs within the female reproductive tract but demonstrate that this is more accurately predicted by MHC similarity: controlling for relatedness per se , more sperm reached the eggs when partners were MHC-dissimilar. Importantly, this effect appeared largely owing to similarity at a single MHC locus (class I minor). Further, the effect of MHC similarity was lost following artificial insemination, suggesting that male phenotypic cues might be required for females to select sperm differentially. These results indicate that postmating mechanisms that reduce inbreeding may do so as a consequence of more specific strategies of cryptic female choice promoting MHC diversity in offspring.

Resistance to three pathogens in the endangered winter-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): effects of inbreeding and major histocompatibility complex genotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen D Arkush ◽  
Alan R Giese ◽  
Holly L Mendonca ◽  
Anne M McBride ◽  
Gary D Marty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
Lower Infection

We have carried out the first major infectivity trial to examine differential genetic resistance in fish for pathogens. We used captive-bred, endangered winter-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to determine resistance to three pathogens: the bacterium, Listonella (Vibrio) anguillarum, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes whirling disease. We compared resistance to these three pathogens between inbred and outbred salmon and between siblings that were heterozygous or homozygous for a class II gene in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In two of five different comparisons, we found significant genetic effects on disease resistance. First, MHC heterozygotes had a higher survival than MHC homozygotes when exposed to IHNV and the selection disadvantage of homozygotes was estimated to be 8.5%. Second, outbred fish had a higher resistance (or lower infection severity) than inbred fish when exposed to M. cerebralis. Using a quantitative genetics approach, it appears that there are slightly more than three gene equivalents segregating that would result in no resistance to M. cerebralis when homozygous. Overall, our investigation suggests that pathogen susceptibility in the winter-run chinook salmon will increase if further genetic variation is lost in this endangered species.

scholarly journals Major Histocompatibility Complex Differentiation in Sacramento River Chinook Salmon

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122
Author(s):  
Timothy J Kim ◽  
Karen M Parker ◽  
Philip W Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
River System ◽  
Amino Acid Replacement ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Selection For

Abstract The chinook salmon of the Sacramento River, California, have been reduced to a fraction of their former abundance because of human impact and use of the river system. Here we examine the genetic variation at a major histocompatibility complex class II exon in the four Sacramento chinook salmon runs. Examination of the alleles found in these and other chinook salmon revealed nucleotide patterns consistent with selection for amino acid replacement at the putative antigen-binding sites. We found a significant amount of variation in each of the runs, including the federally endangered winter run. All of the samples were in Hardy-Weinberg proportions. A significant amount of genetic differentiation between runs was revealed by several measures of differentiation. Winter run was the most genetically divergent, while the spring, late-fall, and fall runs were less differentiated.

Mate choice and maternal selection for specific parasite resistances before, during and after fertilization

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 (1317) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Specific Allele ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Specific Parasite ◽  
Resistance Genetics

As Hamilton & Zuk pointed out, some loci may be of special importance for sexual selection because they play a crucial role in the co-evolution between parasites and hosts. In previous work I have tried to extend Hamilton & Zuk’s parasite hypothesis for sexual selection, partly by including findings of immunologists and endocrinologists: in some species, handicapping signals may specifically reveal the current needs of the immune system which depends on the host’s susceptibilities to different parasites. In other species, depending on the constellation of some key variables, non-handicapping signals could directly reveal the identity of resistance genes. Despite the general conflict of interests between the sexes, sexual selection may, in these cases, lead to signallers (i.e. mostly the males) focusing on improving their offspring’s survival chances instead of trying to maximize their number. Males achieve this by allowing choosy females to optimize costs and benefits of each resistance. Both parts of the extended parasite hypothesis suggest that female choice for specific heritable matequalities aim to optimize the resistance genetics of the unfertilized eggs. However, intersexual selection could go further than just choosing a mate. Here, I list the possible selection levels at which the mother and/or her ova could select for specific sperm haplotypes before, during and after the formation of the zygote. For many of these possible selection levels, evidence suggests that selection after mating might favour heterozygosity or even certain specific allele combinations at loci which are involved in the parasite—host co-evolution (e.g. the major histocompatibility complex or the transferrin locus).

Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L.R. Brennan ◽  
Dara N. Orbach
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Morphological Criteria

The field of post-copulatory sexual selection investigates how female and male adaptations have evolved to influence the fertilization of eggs while optimizing fitness during and after copulation, when females mate with multiple males. When females are polyandrous (one female mates with multiple males), they may optimize their mating rate and control the outcome of mating interactions to acquire direct and indirect benefits. Polyandry may also favor the evolution of male traits that offer an advantage in post-copulatory male-male sperm competition. Sperm competition occurs when the sperm, seminal fluid, and/or genitalia of one male directly impacts the outcome of fertilization success of a rival male. When a female mates with multiple males, she may use information from a number of traits to choose who will sire her offspring. This cryptic female choice (CFC) to bias paternity can be based on behavioral, physiological, and morphological criteria (e.g., copulatory courtship, volume and/or composition of seminal fluid, shape of grasping appendages). Because male fitness interests are rarely perfectly aligned with female fitness interests, sexual conflict over mating and fertilization commonly occur during copulatory and post-copulatory interactions. Post-copulatory interactions inherently involve close associations between female and male reproductive characteristics, which in many species potentially include sperm storage and sperm movement inside the female reproductive tract, and highlight the intricate coevolution between the sexes. This coevolution is also common in genital morphology. The great diversity of genitalia among species is attributed to sexual selection. The evolution of genital attributes that allow females to maintain reproductive autonomy over paternity via cryptic female choice or that prevent male manipulation and sexual control via sexually antagonistic coevolution have been well documented. Additionally, cases where genitalia evolve through intrasexual competition are well known. Another important area of study in post-copulatory sexual selection is the examination of trade-offs between investments in pre-copulatory and post-copulatory traits, since organisms have limited energetic resources to allocate to reproduction, and securing both mating and fertilization is essential for reproductive success.

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