scholarly journals Transgenic expression of human gp100 and RANTES at specific time points for suppression of melanoma

Gene Therapy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Aravindaram ◽  
H-H Yu ◽  
C-W Lan ◽  
P-H Wang ◽  
Y-H Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Time ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Time Points

Survival Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Jorge Leite ◽  
Sandra Carvalho ◽  
Munir Boodhwani ◽  
Felipe Fregni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hazard Functions ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Clinical Investigator ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Kaplan Meier

This chapter focuses on basic principles of survival analysis for the clinical investigator. Survival analysis is a specific type of standardized statistical analysis that focuses on assessing the time elapsed since the exposure/intervention to the occurrence of an event. Important concepts such as median survival time, cumulative probability of survival at specific time points by using Kaplan-Meier estimators, and the use of the use of log rank (Mantel–Cox) to compare survival functions are discussed. This chapter also discusses the concept of censoring, which happens when the event occurs outside the pre-specified time window, and how to develop hazard functions when there are several interrelated factors that can contribute to the increase or decrease of survival probability.

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes as Tools for the Development of New Pharmaceuticals

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Benito-Arenas ◽  
Sandra Zárate ◽  
Julia Revuelta ◽  
Agatha Bastida
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Chondroitin sulfates are linear anionic sulfated polysaccharides found in biological tissues, mainly within the extracellular matrix, which are degraded and altered by specific lyases depending on specific time points. These polysaccharides have recently acquired relevance in the pharmaceutical industry due to their interesting therapeutic applications. As a consequence, chondroitin sulfate (CS) lyases have been widely investigated as tools for the development of new pharmaceuticals based on these polysaccharides. This review focuses on the major breakthrough represented by chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzymes and their structures and mechanisms of function in addition to their major applications.

An investigation of a novel behavioural test to assess pain in piglets following castration

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Bilsborrow ◽  
Yolande M. Seddon ◽  
Jennifer Brown ◽  
Cheryl Waldner ◽  
Joseph M. Stookey
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Behavioural Test ◽  
Standardized Method

A novel behavioural test using a handling chute was evaluated over two trials as an objective method to assess pain in piglets following castration. Piglet (n = 98) navigation time (NT) through a handling chute was measured at specific time points up to 24 h post treatment. In trial 1, comparing the NT of castrates (C) and sham castrates (SC), C piglets had a longer NT than SC at 0 and 15 min post treatment (P < 0.05), with no differences thereafter. In trial 2, the effect of an analgesic to control postoperative pain on NT was examined, with castrated piglets given a half (CH) or full (CF) dose of meloxicam 1 h prior to treatment, compared with piglets castrated and given saline (CS) or sham castrated and given saline (SS). Post treatment, CS piglets had a longer NT than SS at 0 min (P < 0.005), and at 15 min, piglets CS had a longer NT than all groups (P < 0.001). No significant associations were found between piglet behaviour in the home pen and NT during the 60 min following treatment. These data demonstrate potential for the use of a handling chute to measure NT as a quick, standardized, method to assess piglet pain in response to castration.

Nomogram to Prognosticate Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia At Any Time-Point During Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Alfonso Quintás-Cardama ◽  
Xuelin Huang ◽  
Sangbum Choi ◽  
Hagop M Kantarjian ◽  
Jorge E. Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Phase Iii Study ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Abstract 71 Background: The NCCN and the European LeukemiaNet guidelines for monitoring patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) provide recommendations for response assessment and treatment at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months based on evidence obtained in clinical trials. A clear limitation of such guidelines is their applicability at time-points different from those pre-specified. To overcome these limitations we have developed a novel statistical approach to CML prognostication. Method: In order to build our prognostic model, we used two cohorts of patients with CML-CP treated in the frontline DASISION phase III study (CA180-056) and the cohort of patients treated after imatinib failure in the dasatinib dose-optimization phase III study (CA180-034). Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as any of the following: doubling of white cell count to >20×109/L in the absence of complete hematologic response (CHR); loss of CHR; increase in Ph+ BM metaphases to >35%; transformation to AP/BP; or death. A modified Cox proportional hazards model was used to build a prognostic nomogram. Results: A total of 1189 patients were used for this analysis: 519 from DASISION (259 dasatinib and 260 imatinib) and 670 from CA180-034. First, we devised a model to link a BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios (according to the International Standard) obtained at specific time points during the course of treatment with patientsÕ outcomes (PFS). For instance, at 18 months after front-line treatment, the future PFS probabilities are shown in Figure 1A. At 6 months after second-line treatment, the future PFS probabilities are shown in Figure 1B. Once the model was validated at specific time points, we next designed a nomogram to calculate patients' outcomes at any time point during the course of therapy by plotting ‘master PFS curves’ derived from the patient cohorts according to time. Figure 2A&B give the 90% quantile of the remaining PFS for patients at any time after front-line and second-line treatment, respectively. These may be used a guideline for considering other treatment options when patients' BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios exceed these values. Figure 2 shows that the remaining PFS times for either front- or second-line treated patients depend mostly on the current BCR-ABL/ABL ratio and less on the time at which the ratio is obtained, reflected by the fact that the curves showing future PFS probabilities are characterized by smooth slopes. Figure 2A shows that 10% of front-line treated patients whose BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios are 50% or higher will have remaining PFS times of less than 12 months. If BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios are 75% or higher, then 10% of them will have remaining PFS times of less than 6 months. Similarly, Figure 2B shows that for second-line treated patients whose BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios are 50% or higher, 10% of them will have remaining PFS time shorter than 6 months. Conclusion: We have designed a nomogram that predicts PFS for patients treated in the frontline and second line settings according to their BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios, independent from the time at which these ratios are obtained. A similar approach has been taken to predict failure-free and overall survival and will be presented at the meeting. This prognostic tool is readily available for clinical purposes and might greatly facilitate monitoring and prognostication in CML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Finding the most effective cerumenolytic

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Saxby ◽  
R Williams ◽  
S Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Visible Sign ◽  
Homogeneous Ball ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractAim:To conduct anin-vitrostudy to determine the most effective topical cerumenolytic.Method:Cerumen was collected from patients who attended the ENT out-patient clinic. The collected cerumen was formed into a homogeneous ball. Discs of wax were punched out and weighed to create samples of uniform shape and size. Each cerumen sample was placed in a tube which contained one of six test solutions. The tubes were observed at specific time points. Digital photographs were taken to record the degree of cerumen disintegration. The cerumen discs were then removed from the solutions, dried and re-weighed.Results:Distilled water caused the greatest reduction in the mass of the cerumen disc. Cerumen placed in distilled water and in sodium bicarbonate solution showed substantial disintegration at 12 hours. Cerumen placed in solutions containing oil-based agents showed no visible sign of disintegration and no reduction in dried weight.Conclusion:Distilled water resulted in the greatest degree of cerumenolysis. Oil-based cerumenolytics were ineffective.

scholarly journals Innovative Evaluation Techniques for Hanok Sustainability Based on Integrative Comfort Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyang Lee ◽  
Seung-Hoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Building Performance ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Integrative Evaluation ◽  
Vernacular Building ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Techniques ◽  
Comfort Indices

This study aims to present integrative evaluation techniques that can assess spatial comfort reflecting the unique value of a vernacular building type in Korea called Hanok. For this purpose, current evaluation indices and methods of official standards for normal building performance were analyzed through previous studies, since any certified tools for Hanok evaluation do not exist. This situation has made relevant markets to be deactivated, although Hanok has valuable meanings as the traditional architecture to be succeeded to the next generation in Korea. Accordingly, specific assessment indices were derived to evaluate the Hanok sustainability especially focused on spatial comfort by using a qualitative field surveys with combined quantitative references. Then, actual resident data were collected from a series of Hanok testbeds for specific time-points including summer and winter solstices on the lunar-year system. As a result, resident data could be employed to reveal the characteristics of comfort performance from those target specimens, and show the tendency of the Hanok comfort by suggested innovative criteria for the market as a clue for its commercial potentials. Accordingly, it was concluded that the proposed techniques and indices could be certified for the Hanok evaluation and applied to the field of associated industries to show its specific values and advantages.

scholarly journals Mn oxide formation by phototrophs: Spatial and temporal patterns, with evidence of an enzymatic superoxide-mediated pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique L. Chaput ◽  
Alexandré J. Fowler ◽  
Onyou Seo ◽  
Kelly Duhn ◽  
Colleen M. Hansel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Radical ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Abiotic Oxidation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Mn Oxides

AbstractManganese (Mn) oxide minerals influence the availability of organic carbon, nutrients and metals in the environment. Oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III/IV) oxides is largely promoted by the direct and indirect activity of microorganisms. Studies of biogenic Mn(II) oxidation have focused on bacteria and fungi, with phototrophic organisms (phototrophs) being generally overlooked. Here, we isolated phototrophs from Mn removal beds in Pennsylvania, USA, including fourteen Chlorophyta (green algae), three Bacillariophyta (diatoms) and one cyanobacterium, all of which consistently formed Mn(III/IV) oxides. Isolates produced cell-specific oxides (coating some cells but not others), diffuse biofilm oxides, and internal diatom-specific Mn-rich nodules. Phototrophic Mn(II) oxidation had been previously attributed to abiotic oxidation mediated by photosynthesis-driven pH increases, but we found a decoupling of Mn oxide formation and pH alteration in several cases. Furthermore, cell-free filtrates of some isolates produced Mn oxides at specific time points, but this activity was not induced by Mn(II). Manganese oxide formation in cell-free filtrates occurred via reaction with the oxygen radical superoxide produced by soluble extracellular proteins. Given the known widespread ability of phototrophs to produce superoxide, the contribution of phototrophs to Mn(II) oxidation in the environment may be greater and more nuanced than previously thought.

scholarly journals TERATOGENICITY TESTING OF SIDDHA FORMULATION OF NILAVEMBU KUDINEER ON ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EMBRYO

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
SHANMUGAPRIYA P ◽  
ELANSEKARAN S ◽  
RAMAMURTHY M ◽  
JEEVA GLADYS R ◽  
SIVARAMAN D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Developmental Abnormality ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Teratogenic Potential

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the teratogenic effect of Nilavembu Kudineer (NVK) by testing in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio). Methods: The study consisted of 30 embryos/culture plate/dose concentration containing a series of diluted decoction of NVK ranging from 10 μg to 640 μg/ml, and the embryo development was monitored at specific time points. The parameters such as developmental abnormality and adverse events were monitored at 24 hourly intervals for 96 h. Results: The study results showed 100% hatching and survival of embryos with no significant abnormalities in the extension of study from 96 to 120 h post-fertilization examinations. Conclusion: NVK did not have teratogenic potential on testing it in various concentrations on zebrafish embryos validating its safety during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Surrogates for Excitatory Membrane Potential Change During Interictal Epileptiform Events in Rat Neocortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 2550-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Ma ◽  
Mingrui Zhao ◽  
Minah Suh ◽  
Theodore H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Membrane Activity ◽  
Spatial Coupling ◽  
Rat Neocortex

Hemodynamic changes in the brain are often used as surrogates for epileptic neuronal activity in both the laboratory and the clinic (e.g., intrinsic signal, functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography) in spite of the fact that perfusion-based signals have been shown to overestimate the population of spiking neurons. In addition, mechanisms of neurovascular coupling that apply during normal cortical processing may not be relevant in pathological circumstances such as epilepsy. For these reasons, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of epileptic neurovascular coupling using voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) to generate spatial maps of excitatory membrane activity and intrinsic optical spectroscopy (IOS) to measure deoxy-hemoglobin and total hemoglobin, i.e., cerebral blood volume (CBV), in vivo during interictal spikes in rat neocortex to examine their spatiotemporal correlations. We hypothesized that the IOS signal would correlate spatially with subthreshold excitatory activity, which involves a larger area of cortex than suprathreshold neuronal spiking. However, we found that both perfusion and oximetric signals spatially overshot the extent of the excitatory VSD signal by ∼2x. Nevertheless, a high correlation could be found at specific time points in the evolution and dissolution of the hemodynamic signals. The increase in deoxy-hemoglobin reached the highest correlation with the excitatory VSD signal earlier than CBV signals although CBV signals correlated equally well at certain time points. The amplitude of the hemodynamic signals had a linear correlation with the amplitude of the VSD signals except for small nonlinearities in the very center of the focus and in the periphery of the surround, indicating a tight spatial coupling. Our data suggest that hemodynamic signals can accurately define the spatial extent of excitatory interictal epileptiform subthreshold membrane activity at specific time points in their evolution.

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