scholarly journals FMR1 allele size distribution in 35,000 males and females: a comparison of developmental delay and general population cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1627-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine M Kraan ◽  
Quang M Bui ◽  
Mike Field ◽  
Alison D Archibald ◽  
Sylvia A Metcalfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Allele Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Fmr1 Allele

scholarly journals Hematological and Biochemical Reference Ranges for the Population with Sickle Cell Disease at Steady State in Tanzania

Hemato ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
Anna Daniel Fome ◽  
Raphael Z. Sangeda ◽  
Emmanuel Balandya ◽  
Josephine Mgaya ◽  
Deogratius Soka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Laboratory Reference ◽  
Males And Females

Hematological and biochemical reference values in sickle cell disease (SCD) are crucial for patient management and the evaluation of interventions. This study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to establish laboratory reference ranges among children and adults with SCD at steady state. Patients were grouped into five age groups and according to their sex. Aggregate functions were used to handle repeated measurements within the individual level in each age group. A nonparametric approach was used to smooth the curves, and a parametric approach was used to determine SCD normal ranges. Comparison between males and females and against the general population was documented. Data from 4422 patients collected from 2004–2015 were analyzed. The majority of the patients (35.41%) were children aged between 5–11 years. There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes, basophils, and direct bilirubin observed between males and females. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in all selected parameters across age groups except with neutrophils and MCHC in adults, as well as platelets and alkaline phosphatase in infants when the SCD estimates were compared to the general population. The laboratory reference ranges in SCD at steady state were different from those of the general population and varied with sex and age. The established reference ranges for SCD at steady state will be helpful in the management and monitoring of the progress of SCD.

Brachioteuthis beanii Verrill, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Brachioteuthidae) in the northwest Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K Shea ◽  
Judy Stadler ◽  
Annie Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Spawning Aggregation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
External Ornamentation

Four research cruises to the Gully Marine Protected Area (known as "the Gully") off Nova Scotia, Canada (2007–2010) collected 1454 specimens of the oegopsid squid family Brachioteuthidae. All specimens were identified as Brachioteuthis beanii, and the 842 individuals collected in 2007 were used to describe the morphology and ecology of the species. A subset of 565 specimens were measured for population size distribution, and over 200 of these individuals (21–117 mm ML) were fixed, vouchered, measured, dissected, and sexed to examine the internal and external characters of juveniles, males, and females. Specimens <40 mm ML were almost entirely juveniles. Specimens 40–49 mm ML were a mix of juveniles, males, and females. The smallest specimens, where the spermatophoric complex and nidamental glands could be identified, were approximately 39 mm ML in both males and females, suggesting that maturation begins at roughly the same size in both sexes. Specimens >50 mm ML could be sexed based solely on the color and texture of the mantle. Male mantles were fusiform in shape with few small, widely spaced chromatophores and a reticulated net on the mantle that developed concurrent with the internal spermatophoric complex. Females had a flaccid mantle with larger and denser chromatophores on the mantle and head and no external ornamentation (i.e., ridges or nodules). Measurement data showed that males had slightly larger arms and wider fins than females. The high abundance of B. beanii at the Gully in August/September may be a spawning aggregation and suggests that this small squid is an important component of the canyon food web.

An epidemiological study of histrionic personality disorder

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nestadt ◽  
A. J. Romanoski ◽  
R. Chahal ◽  
A. Merchant ◽  
M. F. Folstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Psychiatric Examination ◽  
Histrionic Personality Disorder ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Males And Females

SynopsisIn conjunction with the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) survey conducted in Baltimore, MD, a two-stage probability sample of community subjects was developed with a full psychiatric examination employing DSM-III criteria. This report details the observations on those subjects diagnosed with the DSM-III diagnosis Histrionic Personality Disorder. The results indicate that this condition can be diagnosed reliably and that it is a valid construct. It has a prevalence of 2·1 % in a general population. Males and females are equally affected, suggesting that prior reports of an increased prevalence in females was an expression of ascertainment bias found in hospital-based studies. The diagnosis is associated with clear evidence of disturbance in the emotional, behavioural, and social realms. Individuals with this disorder tend to use health care facilities more frequently than others.

scholarly journals Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalfan M. Al-Rashdi ◽  
Michel R. Claereboudt ◽  
Saud S. Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

A rapid survey of the density and size distribution of recently exploited populations of Holothuria scabra in Mahout Bay (Ghubbat Hashish Bay) was carried out at six fishing sites. The results showed that population densities varied between 1170 and 4000 individuals ha-1 and biomass ranged between 393 and 2903 kg ha-1. The mean size of sea cucumbers and population densities were much lower in populations closer to human settlements, suggestive of overfishing. The sex ratio was estimated to be 1:1 and the size distributions of males and females did not differ significantly. The length-weight relationship for both sexes was calculated as W (g) = 0.033 Length (mm) 2.178. 

Frequency of G6PD Deficiency in General Population at District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Khan ◽  
Arif Ullah ◽  
Sami ul Haq ◽  
Mohammd Shoaib
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked disease and it is a common enzymaticdisease of RBCs in humans X linked recessive condition are more common in males than females. The said deficiency leads toaffecting >400 million people worldwide Individuals, normally males, with deficient alleles are helpless to neonatal jaundice andintense hemolytic anemia, usually during disease, after treatment with specific medications or subsequent to eating Fava beans..Objective: To measure the frequency of Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase deficiency in general population at district Bannu,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 500 human subjects, who were referred forG6PD assay, in Samad clinical Laboratory, District Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from July 2018 to July 2019. 500ccvenous whole blood was collected in EDTA containing vial, for G6PD Test. (Span Diagnostic S.A.R.L, France). Patients of any Age,Sex & area having fever, hematuria, headache, visible jaundice, family history, malaria and anemia were included in this study,while patients suffering from renal disease, any malignancy & not willing persons were excluded.Results: Out of the total 500 hundred, 370 (74%) were males and females were 130 (26%). Total 64/500 (12.8 %) were G6PDdeficient, with 55 male and 09 were female. Malaria positive with G6PD deficiency were 13/64 (20.31%), with 12 males and onefemale. Statistically significant difference among each group (p= 0.0022) was noted. Mean age of the G6PD deficient persons was(2.8 ± 1.03) years. Anemia was graded as Hemoglobin less than 11.5g/dl was taken as anemia. Severe anemia as Hb < 7 g/dl,moderate anemia as Hb ranged between 7-10 g/dl and mild if Hb ranged between 10-11.5 g/dl.Among 370 males, 86 persons had hemoglobin of less than 11.5 g/dl, 42 had hemoglobin 7-10 g/dl and 7 patients had hemoglobinless than 7 g/dl, only 235 patients had hemoglobin more than 11.5, among 130 females, 33 patients had hemoglobin of less than11.5 g/dl, 17 patients had hemoglobin 7-10 g/dl and 05 patients had hemoglobin less than 7 g/dl, only 75 patients had hemoglobinmore than 11.5 g/dl.Conclusion: This study shows high frequency of G6PD Deficiency in district Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan especially veryhigh frequency in males than females.

Gender Differences in the Education and Employment of Young Adults

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN LICHTENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
General Population ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Education And Employment

WITH THE GOAL OF ACHIEVING A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE AND INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON STUDENTS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION, THIS REVIEW FOCUSES FIRST ON THE LITERATURE RELATED TO GENDER DISPARITIES IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. THE ISSUES ADDRESSED COVER BOTH EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION DEVOTED TO CURRENT INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE DESIGNED TO REDUCE THE DISPARITIES. THE REVIEW FURTHER EXAMINES THE LITERATURE ON GENDER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO STUDENTS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION, INCLUDING (A) OVERALL GENDER RATES BY DISABILITY GROUPS, (B) GENDER DISPARITIES IN EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH MALES AND FEMALES IN SPECIAL EDUCATION, AND (C) PROPOSED INTERVENTION PROGRAMS AND PRACTICES THAT APPEAR PROMISING. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES BY DISCUSSING IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH THAT CAN REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SPECIAL EDUCATION.

Possible Relations between General Population Suicide Rates and Societal Crime: A Cross-National Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-642
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Ritesh Bhandarkar
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

Crime may be associated with a less structured society, less social integration, and feelings of less security and greater distress among citizens, which characteristics may lead to mental illness and subsequent suicide. Therefore, a cross-national analysis examining the association of general population suicide rates with percent of males and females in the population victimised by different categories of crime was undertaken using cross-national data from the World Health Organization and United Nations for 42 countries. Spearman correlations were generally weak and not statistically significant. Those values were at variance with the study's hypothesis and may be explained by several factors, including methodological issues. Individual-level case-control or cohort studies of suicides and attempted suicides in the general population may permit exploration of the relation of general population suicides with experience and percent by nations of being victimised by crime.

scholarly journals Hematological and Biochemical Reference Ranges for Population With Sickle Cell Disease at Steady-State in Tanzania

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Daniel Fome ◽  
Raphael Zozimus Sangeda ◽  
Emmanuel Balandya ◽  
Josephine Mgaya ◽  
Deogratius Soka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Laboratory Reference ◽  
Males And Females

Hematological and biochemical reference values in sickle cell disease (SCD) are crucial for patient management and evaluation of interventions. This study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, to establish laboratory reference ranges in SCD at steady-state. Patients were grouped into five age groups with respects to their sex. Aggregate functions were used to handle repeated measures within the indi-vidual level in each age group. A nonparametric approach was used to smooth the curves and a parametric approach was used to determine SCD normal ranges. Comparison between males and females and against the general population was documented. Data from 4,422 patients collected from 2004-2015 were analyzed. The majority of the patients (35.41%) were children aged between 5-11 years. There were no significant differences (p&ge;0.05) in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes, basophils and bilirubin direct observed between males and females. Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were observed in all selected parameters across age groups except neutrophils and MCHC in adults, as well as platelets and alkaline phosphatase in infants when SCD estimates were compared to the general population. Laboratory reference ranges in SCD at steady-state were different from those of the general population and varied with sex and age. The established reference ranges for SCD at steady-state will be a helpful in the management and monitoring of the progress of SCD.

scholarly journals Examining the protection efficacy of face shields against cough aerosol droplets using water sensitive papers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ronen ◽  
H. Rotter ◽  
S. Elisha ◽  
S. Sevilia ◽  
B. Parizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Particle Sizer

AbstractSimple plastic face shields have many advantages compared to regular medical masks. They are easily cleaned for reuse and comfortable to wear. In light of the spreading COVID-19 pandemic, the potential of face shields as a substitution for medical masks, as a recommendation to the general population, was tested. Testing the efficacy of the protective equipment utilized a cough simulator that was carefully tuned to replicate human cough in terms of droplet size distribution and outlet velocity. The tested protective equipment was worn on a manikin head simulating human breathing. An Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) was used to analyze the concentration and size distribution of small particles that reach the manikin head respiration pathways. Additionally, Water sensitive papers were taped over and under the tested protective equipment, and were subsequently photographed and analyzed. For droplets larger than 3μm by diameter, the efficiency of shields to block cough droplets was found to be comparable to that of regular medical masks, with enhanced protection on face parts the mask does not cover. Additionally, for finer particles, of the order 0.3 to few microns, a shield was found to perform even better, blocking about 10 times more fine particles than the medical mask. This implies that for the general population that is not intendedly exposed to confirmed infected individuals, recommending the use of face shields as an alternative to medical masks should be considered.

scholarly journals De novo missense mutations in the NAA10 gene cause severe non-syndromic developmental delay in males and females

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt Popp ◽  
Svein I Støve ◽  
Sabine Endele ◽  
Line M Myklebust ◽  
Juliane Hoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Males And Females
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