scholarly journals Stronger signal of recent selection for lactase persistence in Maasai than in Europeans

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina M Schlebusch ◽  
Per Sjödin ◽  
Pontus Skoglund ◽  
Mattias Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Lactase Persistence ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Recent Selection

On the Expenses and Selection as affecting the Pure Premium Method of Valuation

1878 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Sorley
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pure Premium ◽  
New Business ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Recent Selection

Although much has been written in recent years on the comparative merits of different methods of valuation, I am not aware that any attempt has yet been made to ascertain the ultimate bearing on the Pure Premium Method, of the facts that have been recently brought forward as to the pressure of the expenses and the effects of selection in an assurance company. Speaking generally, it will, I think, be found that proposals to diminish the pure premium reserve on account of the necessarily heavy expenses of new business, have been made without reference to the mortality profit that may be expected to arise from the recent selection of the lives, and vice versa. This being the case, it occurred to me that it might be of considerable practical interest to make an investigation in which effect would be given to the influence both of expenses and of selection, for it would enable us to estimate how far the one neutralized the other. In order to render the inquiry more clear, however, it will be well to begin by considering each separately.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Merit for Weight and Meat Traits between the Polled and Horned Cattle in Multiple Beef Breeds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Imtiaz A. S. Randhawa ◽  
Michael R. McGowan ◽  
Laercio R. Porto-Neto ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
Russell E. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Recent Selection

Breeding for polled animals is deemed the most practical solution to eradicate horns naturally and circumvent management costs and risks on health and welfare. However, there has been a historical reluctance by some farmers to select polled animals due to perceived lower productivity of their calves. This study has compared estimated breeding values (EBVs) between horned and polled animals (N = 2,466,785) for 12 production and carcass traits to assess historical (before 2000) and recent (2000–2018) genetic implications of poll breeding. Older generations of the polled animals in most breeds had significantly lower (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.05) genetic merits for live (birth to maturity) and carcass weights, milk, meat quality, and fat content traits. Substantial gains of genetic potential were achieved during 2000 to 2018 in each breed, such that polled animals have significantly improved for the majority of traits studied. Generally, polled cohorts showed advantageous EBVs for live and carcass weights irrespective of the lower birth weights in some breeds. While Polled Brahman showed inferior production parameters, the poll genetics’ effect size (d) and correlation (r) were very small on recent birth weight (d = −0.30, r = −0.08), 200 days (−0.19, −0.05), 400 days (−0.06, −0.02), 600 days (−0.05, −0.01), mature cow live weight (−0.08, −0.02), and carcass weight (−0.19, −0.05). In conclusion, although there is some evidence that historical selection for polled breeding animals may have reduced productivity, there is strong evidence that more recent selection for polled genotypes in the breeds studied has not resulted in any adverse effects on genetic merit.

scholarly journals The Australian DRG classification:are we ready for structural changes?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Don Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Recent Selection

The Australian DRG variant compares favourably with other variants in use around the world. This view is supported by a variety of empirical studies and by experiences of its adoption by several health care systems. An example is its recent selection for use in Germany (Hindle & Lenz, 2000).

Cliff-edged fitness functions and the persistence of schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph M. Nesse
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Fitness Functions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Recent Selection

Strong recent selection for social cognition may well explain the persistence of genes that predispose to schizophrenia. The specific mechanism responsible may be a skewed fitness function in which selection pushes the mean for advantageous mental traits perilously close to a “fitness cliff” where the system fails catastrophically in some individuals.

Recent selection for self-compatibility in a population of Leavenworthia alabamica

Evolution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Herman ◽  
Daniel J. Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Recent Selection

scholarly journals Unravelling selection signatures in a single dog breed suggests recent selection for morphological and behavioral traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e10024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Friedrich ◽  
Andrea Talenti ◽  
Per Arvelius ◽  
Erling Strandberg ◽  
Marie J. Haskell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Recent Selection

Framework for Selecting Vocabulary for Preliterate Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009
Author(s):  
Allison Bean ◽  
Lindsey Paden Cargill ◽  
Samantha Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
School Based ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nonverbal Children ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Purpose Nearly 50% of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to school-age children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, many SLPs report having insufficient knowledge in the area of AAC implementation. The objective of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a framework for supporting 1 area of AAC implementation: vocabulary selection for preliterate children who use AAC. Method This tutorial focuses on 4 variables that clinicians should consider when selecting vocabulary: (a) contexts/environments where the vocabulary can be used, (b) time span during which the vocabulary will be relevant, (c) whether the vocabulary can elicit and maintain interactions with other people, and (d) whether the vocabulary will facilitate developmentally appropriate grammatical structures. This tutorial focuses on the role that these variables play in language development in verbal children with typical development, verbal children with language impairment, and nonverbal children who use AAC. Results Use of the 4 variables highlighted above may help practicing SLPs select vocabulary that will best facilitate language acquisition in preliterate children who use AAC.

Teaching Partners to Support Communication for Adults with Acquired Communication Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Ball ◽  
Joanne Lasker
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Communication Impairment ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
End Of Life Communication ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract For adults with acquired communication impairment, particularly those who have communication disorders associated with stroke or neurodegenerative disease, communication partners play an important role in establishing and maintaining communicative competence. In this paper, we assemble some evidence on this topic and integrate it with current preferred practice patterns (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004). Our goals are to help speech-language pathologists (SLPs) identify and describe partner-based communication strategies for adults with acquired impairment, implement evidence-based approaches for teaching strategies to communication partners, and employ a Personnel Framework (Binger et al., 2012) to clarify partners? roles in acquiring and supporting communication tools for individuals with acquired impairments. We offer specific guidance about AAC techniques and message selection for communication partners involved with chronic, degenerative, and end of life communication. We discuss research and provide examples of communication partner supports for person(s) with aphasia and person(s) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who have complex communication needs.

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