scholarly journals Validation of the omega-3 fatty acid intake measured by a web-based food frequency questionnaire against omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cells in men with prostate cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1004-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Allaire ◽  
X Moreel ◽  
M-È Labonté ◽  
C Léger ◽  
A Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: Endocannabinoids, genetics and obesity

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemis P. Simopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Omega 6

The tissue composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is important to health and depends on both dietary intake and metabolism controlled by genetic polymorphisms that should be taken into consideration in the determination of nutritional requirements, obesity and chronic disease risk. Experimental and clinical intervention studies suggest that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids have opposing physiological and metabolic properties and elicit divergent effects on body fat gain through mechanisms of adipogenesis, browning of adipose tissue, lipid homeostasis, systemic inflammation and an increase in the tone of the endocannabinoid system. Overweight and obese individuals have higher levels of the arachidonic acid (AA) derived endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and an altered pattern of receptor expression. Since endocannabinoids are products of dietary fats, modification of the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake modulates the endocannabinoids, with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) displacing AA from cell membranes, reducing AEA and 2-AG production, resulting in decrease in appetite and food intake leading to weight loss. Polygenic risk scores reveal susceptibility and an increase risk for obesity. Therefore, persons at risk for obesity will have to lower omega-6 and increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake in order to have a balanced ratio for health. A process needs to be established to define when genomic discoveries such as gene-nutrient-disease associations are “ready” to be evaluated as potential tools for personalized nutrition to improve public health.

Abstract MP002: Dietary Intake of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids is Directly Associated with Coronary Flow Reserve among Male Middle-Aged Twins

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia C Eufinger ◽  
Viola Vaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Flow Reserve

Introduction: Evidence from previous studies suggests that dietary marine omega-3 fatty acids have cardioprotective properties. However, our understanding of the mechanism for these beneficial effects remains limited. We sought to examine the association between marine omega-3 fatty acid intake and coronary flow reserve (CFR), a measure of overall coronary vasodilator capacity and microvascular function. Hypothesis: Increased dietary intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids is associated with higher CFR. Methods: A sample of 259 male middle-aged twins, including 115 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs and 29 unpaired twins, with no previous history of coronary heart disease (CHD), was recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Prior to the study visit, all twins completed a 3-day food record detailing their diet for the previous three days. Dietary information was analyzed using specialized nutrition software and reported intakes of various types of fish were used to derive marine omega-3 fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) intake. CFR was measured using positron emission tomography [N 13 ] ammonia with quantitation of myocardial blood flow at rest and after adenosine stress. Mixed-effect regression analysis was used to assess the association between marine omega-3 fatty acid intake and CFR both at the individual level and within twin pairs. Potential confounders included demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (including physical activity), traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, use of omega-3 and multivitamin supplements, total energy intake, and other nutritional factors such as intake of cholesterol, sodium, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages, and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Results: The twins’ mean age was 54 years (SD = 3.0) and 93.1% (241 out of 259) were white. An increase in dietary intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids of 1 g/d was associated with a 7.6% higher CFR (95% CI: 0.6, 15.2) after adjustment for potential confounders ( P = 0.033). This association also persisted within twin pairs: a 1 g/d within-pair difference in dietary intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids was associated with a 16.3% higher CFR in the twin with the greater dietary intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids than in the co-twin with the lower dietary intake ( P = 0.020). These associations did not differ by zygosity. Conclusions: Dietary intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids is directly associated with CFR, a measure of coronary microvascular function, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and shared familial and genetic factors. Our study suggests a potential novel mechanism for the protective effects of dietary marine omega-3 fatty acids on the cardiovascular system and supports the benefit of consuming marine omega-3 fatty acids to promote cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids to prevent preterm birth: Australian pregnant women’s preterm birth awareness and intentions to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie V de Seymour ◽  
Lucy A Simmonds ◽  
Jacqueline Gould ◽  
Maria Makrides ◽  
Philippa Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Intake

Abstract Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children under five. A recent Cochrane review found a 42% reduction in early preterm birth (< 34 weeks’ gestation) and 11% reduction in preterm birth (< 37 weeks’ gestation) with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. To assist in the development of implementation strategies to increase pregnant women’s omega-3 fatty acid intake, we assessed the awareness of Australian pregnant women about preterm birth, their nutrition and supplementation behaviours during pregnancy, and intentions to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake. Methods A ten-minute survey was conducted online to assess the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and intentions of Australian pregnant women across three domains: (1) preterm birth; (2) nutrition and supplementation during pregnancy; and (3) omega-3 fatty acid consumption to prevent preterm birth. Participants were recruited from Survey Sampling International’s research panels. Results Of the 763 women who completed the survey, less than two-thirds had heard of preterm birth. Over 55% of respondents had changed their diet during pregnancy and a prenatal dietary supplement was consumed by 82% of the women surveyed. Respondents’ main source of information about preterm birth and nutrition during pregnancy was from a health professional. When asked about their intentions to increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake following a health professional’s recommendation, the vast majority of participants indicated they would increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake (90%). When a hypothetical scenario was presented of an omega-3 fatty acid supplement being offered from a health service at no cost, the number of respondents who selected they would increase their intake through supplementation increased from 54 to 79%. Conclusions The main information source for women about preterm birth and dietary supplementation recommendations during pregnancy is their health professional. Therefore, informing women about ways to prevent preterm birth, including the role of omega-3 fatty acids, should occur during antenatal visits. The results from our study are useful for clinicians caring for pregnant women and for the next stage of translation of the Cochrane review findings – the design of implementation strategies to increase the intake of omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy where needed.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acid intake during pregnancy and risk of infant maltreatment: a nationwide birth cohort – the Japan Environment and Children's Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kenta Matsumura ◽  
Kei Hamazaki ◽  
Akiko Tsuchida ◽  
Hidekuni Inadera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has favorable effects, including reducing violent and aggressive behaviors, but its association with infant maltreatment is unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that maternal intake of omega-3 PUFAs is associated with a lower risk of infant maltreatment. Methods Participants were 92 191 mothers involved in the ongoing Japan Environment and Children's Study. Omega-3 PUFA intake during pregnancy was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Infant maltreatment was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire administered at 1 and 6 months postpartum. Results Analysis using the lowest quintile of intake as a reference revealed that the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cases of ‘hitting’ decreased as quintiles increased, with values for the second to fifth quintiles of 0.93 (95% CI 0.77–1.13), 0.79 (95% CI 0.64–0.97), 0.78 (95% CI 0.64–0.96), and 0.72 (95% CI 0.59–0.89), respectively. Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for ‘shaking very hard’ at 6 months were 0.87 (0.73–1.04), 0.81 (0.67–0.97), 0.73 (0.61–0.89), and 0.78 (0.65–0.94), respectively. Adjusted ORs for ‘leaving alone at home’ for the second to fifth quintiles were 0.92 (0.87–0.98), 0.91 (0.86–0.97), 0.94 (0.88–0.99), and 0.85 (0.80–0.90), respectively. Conclusions Higher maternal intake of omega-3 PUFAs during pregnancy was associated with fewer cases of hitting and violent shaking and leaving the child alone at home, implying a lower risk of infant maltreatment. Our results indicate the potential applicability of omega-3 PUFAs in reducing infant maltreatment.

Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽  
Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽  
Altay A.L. de Souza ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
José Carlos F. Galduróz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals The combined supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics decreased the levels of serum polyamines in experimental colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Havvanur Yoldaş İlktaç ◽  
Nihal Büyükuslu ◽  
Cüneyd Parlayan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Combined Supplementation

Polyamines play an important role in the maintenance of intestinal permeability. Therefore we aimed to determine the effects of probiotics and omega 3 fatty acids on serum polyamine levels in colitis. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly grouped as normal, colitis with no treatment applied, colitis treated by probiotics (VSL#3), colitis treated by omega-3, and colitis treated by both probiotics and omega-3. Experimental colitis was induced by injection of 200 mg/kg 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The probiotic and the omega-3 fatty acid supplements were applied daily by oral gavage. Serum polyamine levels were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In each group, the levels of serum polyamines are the highest in spermidine and the least in spermine. Bowel inflammation in experimentally induced colitis mice resulted in lower serum polyamine concentrations. In probiotic and omega 3 fatty acid supplemented group significant decreases were observed for spermine and spermidine (p<0.001), while no significant changes were obtained for putrescine. Combined supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids for 10 days in colitis mice significantly decreased the serum levels of spermine and spermidine.

Abstract 168: Impact of Continuing Medical Education on the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia with Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Larkin ◽  
Michael LaCouture ◽  
George Boutsalis ◽  
Harold Bays
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Introduction: The less prominent role of triglycerides in determining cardiovascular risk keeps these lipids from being top-of-mind for practicing clinicians, yet epidemiologic data affirm that hypertriglyceridemia contributes to atherosclerotic disease development and progression. We sought to determine if online continuing medical education (CME) could improve the clinical knowledge and competence of primary care physicians (PCPs) and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia and the use of omega-3 fatty acids in its treatment. Methods: The effects of two educational interventions about advances in hypertriglyceridemia treatment (activity 1) and educating patients about omega-3 fatty acid products (activity 2) were analyzed to determine efficacy of online education presented in the form of online video-based roundtable discussions. The activities launched online in May and June, 2015 respectively, and data were collected through July, 2015. The effects of education were assessed using knowledge- and case-based matched pre-assessment/post-assessments. The effect sizes were calculated with Cohen’s d (> 0.8 is large, 0.8-0.4 is medium, and < 0.4 is small). Results: In total, 842 PCPs and 75 cardiologists who completed all pre/post assessment questions in any of the two activities during the study period were included in analyses. Significant overall improvements were seen for PCPs (activity 1: n = 452, P <.05, effect d= 0.68; activity 2: n = 390, P <.05, effect d= 0.96) and cardiologists (activity 1: n = 35, P <.05, effect d= 0.77; activity 2: n = 40, P <.05, effect d= 0.9). Compared with baseline, specific areas of improvements include: • 22% more PCPs and 31% more cardiologists identified weight loss as a nonpharmacological intervention that can effectively lower triglyceride levels for overweight/obese patients with hypertriglyceridemia, (both P < .05) • 35% more PCPs and 32% more cardiologists identified the appropriate dosing of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (both P <.05) • 23% more PCPs ( P < .05) and 20% more cardiologists ( P =.068 ) recognized that reducing the risk for pancreatitis is a primary medical objective in patients with severe elevations in triglyceride levels Areas identified as needing additional education include: • 57% of all physicians remain unaware that omega-3 fatty acids reduce apolipoprotein C3 • 61% of PCPs and 60% of cardiologists did not demonstrate a thorough understanding of the differences between prescription omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 supplements Conclusion: This study demonstrates the success of a targeted educational intervention with two educational components on improving knowledge, competence, and clinical decision-making of PCPs and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia treatment and the role of omega-3 fatty acid products in its treatment.

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