scholarly journals Modelling the health impact of environmentally sustainable dietary scenarios in the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Scarborough ◽  
S Allender ◽  
D Clarke ◽  
K Wickramasinghe ◽  
M Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Health Impact ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Public health impact of low-dose aspirin on colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease and safety in the UK – Results from micro-simulation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 100851
Author(s):  
Jorne Biccler ◽  
Kaatje Bollaerts ◽  
Pareen Vora ◽  
Elodie Sole ◽  
Luis Alberto Garcia Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Performance of Excess Heat Factor Severity as a Global Heatwave Health Impact Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nairn ◽  
Bertram Ostendorf ◽  
Peng Bi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Excess Heat Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

The establishment of an effective policy response to rising heatwave impacts is most effective when the history of heatwaves, their current impacts and future risks, are mapped by a common metric. In response meteorological agencies aim to develop seamless climate, forecast, and warning heat impact services, spanning all temporal and spatial scales. The ability to diagnose heatwave severity using the Excess Heat Factor (EHF) has allowed the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (the Bureau) to publicly release 7-day heatwave severity maps since 2014. National meteorological agencies in the UK and the United States are evaluating global 7-day and multi-week EHF heatwave severity probability forecasts, whilst the Bureau contributes to a Copernicus project to supply the health sector with global EHF severity heatwave projection scenarios. In an evaluation of impact skill within global forecast systems, EHF intensity and severity is reviewed as a predictor of human health impact, and extended using climate observations and human health data for sites around the globe. Heatwave intensity, determined by short and long-term temperature anomalies at each locality, is normalized to permit spatial analysis and inter-site comparison. Dimensionless heatwave event moments of peak severity and accumulated severity are shown to correlate with noteworthy events around the globe, offering new insights into current and future heatwave variability and vulnerability. The EHF severity metric permits the comparison of international heatwave events and their impacts, and is readily implemented within international heatwave early warning systems.

scholarly journals Has the UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme and rising antidepressant use had a public health impact?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e8-e9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Joseph Bastiampillai ◽  
Stephen Allison ◽  
Philip Harford ◽  
Seth W Perry ◽  
Ma-Li Wong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Operationalising the health aspects of sustainable diets: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elly Mertens ◽  
Pieter van’t Veer ◽  
Gerrit J Hiddink ◽  
Jan MJM Steijns ◽  
Anneleen Kuijsten
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sustainable Diets

AbstractObjectiveShifting towards a more sustainable food consumption pattern is an important strategy to mitigate climate change. In the past decade, various studies have optimised environmentally sustainable diets using different methodological approaches. The aim of the present review was to categorise and summarise the different approaches to operationalise the health aspects of environmentally sustainable diets.DesignConventional keyword and reference searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and CAB Abstracts. Inclusion criteria were: (i) English-language publication; (ii) published between 2005 and October 2015; (iii) dietary data collected for the diet as a whole at the national, household or individual level; (iv) comparison of the current diet with dietary scenarios; and (v) for results to consider the health aspect in some way.SettingConsumer diets.SubjectsAdult population.ResultsWe reviewed forty-nine studies that combined the health and environmental aspects of consumer diets. Hereby, five approaches to operationalise the health aspect of the diet were identified: (i) food item replacements; (ii) dietary guidelines; (iii) dietary quality scores; (iv) diet modelling techniques; and (v) diet-related health impact analysis.ConclusionsAlthough the sustainability concept is increasingly popular and widely advocated by nutritional and environmental scientists, the journey towards designing sustainable diets for consumers has only just begun. In the context of operationalising the health aspects, diet modelling might be considered the preferred approach since it captures the complexity of the diet as a whole. For the future, we propose SHARP diets: environmentally Sustainable (S), Healthy (H), Affordable (A), Reliable (R) and Preferred from the consumer’s perspective (P).

Impact of hydrology and effluent quality on the management of woodchip pads for overwintering cattle. II. Effluent analysis and nutrient balance

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
D. R. JACKSON ◽  
D. R. CHADWICK ◽  
M. CROOKES ◽  
E. SAGOO ◽  
K. A. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Balances ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYWoodchip pads can be a sustainable alternative to the overwintering of stock on grassland or in conventional housing and can offer benefits in improved animal performance, improved health and environmentally sustainable options for the management of the effluent resulting from the animal excreta (dung, urine and rainfall over the pad). Detailed observations were made on effluent flow and quality from woodchip pads on two commercial farms in the UK, one in Powys (Wales) and the other in Leicestershire (England), over a period of 8 months in 2009/10. Flow data and hydrological characteristics, reported in the companion to the current paper (Jackson & Smith 2012), were combined with the results of effluent sample and soiled woodchip analyses, together with records of animal numbers and activity on the pads, to calculate nutrient fluxes and nutrient balances across the pad for defined periods. Nutrient balances showed that, of the estimated nutrient inputs in animal excreta deposited on the pad, only 0·05–0·10 of the N and P were contained in the effluent draining from the pad, with the rest (>0·90 of N and P inputs) retained in the solids accumulating in the surface layers of soiled woodchip, ‘spent timber residues’ (STR). The STR was similar in analysis to straw-based farmyard manure (FYM), high in organic N, and land spreading of this material should be managed in a similar way to FYM. It also appears suitable for application to grassland, except when based on coarse woodchips. These results confirm the hypothesis that the effluent draining from the pads should be considered as consistently similar to dirty water rather than slurry, as in the current rules associated with Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) in England and Wales.

scholarly journals Access Over Ownership: Case Studies of Libraries of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Baden ◽  
Ken Peattie ◽  
Adekunle Oke
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Individual Ownership

Over the last decade there has been increasing interest in the concept of the sharing economy, which replaces the focus on individual ownership with a focus on access to goods and services through borrowing, hiring or sharing. This study investigates the efficacy of extending the library concept to include more items, such as those that are used infrequently. The aim is to explore how Libraries of Things (LoTs) operate and the potential to broaden their appeal, reach and sustainability. This study adopts a multiple case study method to provide a snapshot of six LoTs in the UK. Findings indicate that all LoTs shared common environmental and social values, with the most prevalent values being to use the library concept to reduce resource use and waste and to enable more equitable access to goods. All relied on volunteers and public support, in the form of free or discounted space and none were yet economically self-sufficient. This poses important questions about the future for LoTs and whether they could or even should, transition towards the mainstream to make a more substantive contribution to creating a more socially equitable and environmentally sustainable economy.

scholarly journals Small changes in snacking behaviour: the potential impact on CVD mortality

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ffion Lloyd-Williams ◽  
Modi Mwatsama ◽  
Robin Ireland ◽  
Simon Capewell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Snack Products ◽  
Unhealthy Snack

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the potential public health impact on CHD and stroke mortality of replacing one ‘unhealthy’ snack with one ‘healthy’ snack per person, per day, across the UK population.MethodsNutritional information was obtained for different ‘unhealthy’ (such as crisps, chocolate bars, cakes and pastries) and ‘healthy’ snack products (such as fresh fruit, dried fruit, unsalted nuts or seeds). Expected changes in dietary intake were calculated. The mean change in total blood cholesterol levels was estimated using the Keys equation. The effect of changing cholesterol and salt levels on CHD deaths and on stroke deaths was calculated using the appropriate equations from the Law and He meta-analyses. The estimated reductions in cardiovascular deaths were then tested in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsSubstituting one ‘healthy’ snack would reduce saturated fat intake by approximately 4·4 g per person per day, resulting in approximately 2400 fewer CHD deaths and 425 fewer stroke deaths per year. The associated 500 mg decrease in salt intake would result in approximately 1790 fewer CHD deaths and 1330 fewer stroke deaths.ConclusionsSimply replacing one unhealthy snack with one healthy snack per day might prevent approximately 6000 cardiovascular deaths every year in the UK.

scholarly journals Do national funding organizations properly address the diseases with the highest burden? - Observations from China and the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Wenjing ZHAO ◽  
Jianhua Liu ◽  
Gunnar Sivertsen ◽  
Ying HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The Uk

Recent years have witnessed an incipient shift in science policy from a focus mainly on academic excellence to a focus that also takes into account “societal impact”. This shift raises the question as to whether medical research has given proper attention to the diseases imposing the greatest burden on society. Therefore, with the aim of identifying correlations between research funding priorities and public demand in health, we examine grants issued by the major medical research funding bodies of China and the UK during the decade 2006-2017 and compare the focus of their funded projects with the diseases that carry the highest burden of death, risk, or loss of health. The results indicate that the funding decisions of both nations do correspond to the illnesses with the highest health impact on their citizens. For both regions, the greatest health concerns surround non-communicable diseases, and neoplasms and cardiovascular disease in particular. In China, national health priorities have remained focused on these illnesses for the benefit of its own population, whereas the UK has funded a wider variety of research, extending to projects with impacts outside its borders to some developing countries. Additionally, despite an increased incidence of mental illness and HIV/AIDs in China, there is evidence that less priority has been given to these conditions. Both of these health areas seem to require more attention from China’s national funding agencies and the society in general. Methodologically, this study can serve as an example of how to conduct analyses related to public health issues by combining informetric methods and data with data and tools from other fields, thereby inspiring other scientometrics studies.

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