scholarly journals Cultural differences in parental feeding practices and children’s eating behaviours and their relationships with child BMI: a comparison of Black Afro-Caribbean, White British and White German samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Blissett ◽  
C Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Child Bmi

scholarly journals Stability, Continuity, and Bi-Directional Associations of Parental Feeding Practices and Standardized Child Body Mass Index in Children from 2 to 12 Years of Age

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Eichler ◽  
Ricarda Schmidt ◽  
Tanja Poulain ◽  
Andreas Hiemisch ◽  
Wieland Kiess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Child Body Mass Index ◽  
Child Bmi

(1) Background: Parental feeding practices are related to child body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and seem to be a consequence rather than cause of child BMI, but research so far is limited. Stability and continuity of feeding practices, probably explaining changes in food intake and child BMI, remain to be poorly examined. (2) Methods: Feeding practices (i.e., restriction, food as reward, pressure to eat, monitoring) assessed via the Child Feeding Questionnaire, child age, standardized BMI (zBMI), and socio-economic status were measured annually at multiple visits (range 2–8) in a population-based longitudinal cohort study of 1512 parents with their children aged 2 to 12 years. Stability, continuity, and bi-directionality of feeding practices and child zBMI were calculated using correlation coefficients, paired t tests, and cross-lagged panels, respectively. (3) Results: Feeding practices and child zBMI showed moderate to high stability. While continuity was high for restriction, minor temporal changes were observed for other feeding practices and child zBMI. Cross-lags indicated that child zBMI predicted restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring, while food-rewarding predicted child zBMI only minorly. (4) Conclusions: Parents seem to adapt feeding practices to child zBMI with the exception of food-rewarding.

scholarly journals Associations between parental feeding practices, problem food behaviours and dietary intake in New Zealand overweight children aged 4–8 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian J Haszard ◽  
Paula ML Skidmore ◽  
Sheila M Williams ◽  
Rachael W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Child Control

AbstractObjectiveParents report that children’s eating behaviours are a major barrier to providing them with a healthy diet. Links between problem eating behaviours and parental feeding practices are not well established and have not previously been examined in overweight children. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between problem food behaviours, dietary intake and parental feeding practices of overweight children aged 4–8 years.DesignParticipants were recruited for a lifestyle intervention (n 203). At baseline, children’s BMI was measured and parents completed comprehensive questionnaires about the feeding practices they used, the problem food behaviours their children exhibited and the foods their child consumed. A fussy eating scale was developed and associations were determined using correlations and regression analysis, including interactions.SettingDunedin, New Zealand.SubjectsOverweight children aged 4–8 years.ResultsHealthy eating guidance and monitoring by parents were related to the consumption of fewer unhealthy foods (B=−0·4, P=0·001 and B=−0·4, P<0·001). Conversely, a lack of parental control (child control) was related to a higher intake of unhealthy foods (B = 0·5, P<0·001). Parents of children who were fussy eaters monitored their child’s food intake less (P<0·001) and allowed the child more freedom over what he/she ate (P<0·001). These children consumed fewer fruit and vegetables than those who were not fussy eaters (P<0·001). However, fussy eaters with food-restrictive parents ate more fruit and vegetables (B=2·9, P<0·001).ConclusionsThese results suggest that a more structured food environment might be beneficial for the diet and food behaviours of young overweight children.

scholarly journals Evidence for gene-environment correlation in child feeding: Links between common genetic variation for BMI in children and parental feeding practices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Selzam ◽  
Tom A. McAdams ◽  
Jonathan R. I. Coleman ◽  
Susan Carnell ◽  
Paul F. O’Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Child Bmi

AbstractThe parental feeding practices (PFPs) of excessive restriction of food intake (‘restriction’) and pressure to increase food consumption (‘pressure’) have been argued to causally influence child weight in opposite directions (high restriction causing overweight; high pressure causing underweight). However child weight could also ‘elicit’ PFPs. A novel approach is to investigate gene-environment correlation between child genetic influences on BMI and PFPs. Genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) combining BMI-associated variants were created for 10,346 children (including 3,320 DZ twin pairs) from the Twins Early Development Study using results from an independent genome-wide association study meta-analysis. Parental ‘restriction’ and ‘pressure’ were assessed using the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Child BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) were calculated from children’s height and weight at age 10. Linear regression and fixed family effect models were used to test between-(n=4,445 individuals) and within-family (n=2,164 DZ pairs) associations between the GPS and PFPs. In addition, we performed multivariate twin analyses (n=4,375 twin pairs) to estimate the heritabilities of PFPs and the genetic correlations between BMI-SDS and PFPs. The GPS was correlated with BMI-SDS (β=0.20, p=2.41×10-38). Consistent with the gene-environment correlation hypothesis, child BMI GPS was positively associated with ‘restriction’ (β=0.05, p=4.19×10-4), and negatively associated with ‘pressure’ (β=-0.08, p=2.70×10-7). These results remained consistent after controlling for parental BMI, and after controlling for overall family contributions (within-family analyses). Heritabilities for ‘restriction’ (43% [40-47%]) and ‘pressure’ (54% [50-59%]) were moderate-to-high. Twin-based genetic correlations were moderate and positive between BMI-SDS and ‘restriction’ (rA=0.28 [0.23-0.32]), and substantial and negative between BMI-SDS and ‘pressure’ (rA=-0.48 [-0.52 --0.44]. Results suggest that the degree to which parents limit or encourage children’s food intake is partly influenced by children’s genetic predispositions to higher or lower BMI. These findings point to an evocative gene-environment correlation in which heritable characteristics in the child elicit parental feeding behaviour.Author SummaryIt is widely believed that parents influence their child’s BMI via certain feeding practices. For example, rigid restriction has been argued to cause overweight, and pressuring to eat to cause underweight. However, recent longitudinal research has not supported this model. An alternative hypothesis is that child BMI, which has a strong genetic basis, evokes parental feeding practices (‘gene-environment correlation’). To test this, we applied two genetic methods in a large sample of 10-year-old children from the Twins Early Development Study: a polygenic score analysis (DNA-based score of common genetic variants robustly associated with BMI in genome-wide meta-analyses), and a twin analysis (comparing resemblance between identical and non-identical twin pairs). Polygenic scores correlated positively with parental restriction of food intake (‘restriction’; β=0.05, p=4.19×10-4), and negatively with parental pressure to increase food intake (‘pressure’; β=-0.08, p=2.70×10-7). Associations were unchanged after controlling for all genetic and environmental effects shared within families. Results from twin analyses were consistent. ‘Restriction’ (43%) and ‘pressure’ (54%) were substantially heritable, and a positive genetic correlation between child BMI and ‘restriction’ (rA=0.28), and negative genetic correlation between child BMI and ‘pressure’ (rA=-0.48) emerged. These findings challenge the prevailing view that parental behaviours are the sole cause of child BMI by supporting an alternate hypothesis that child BMI also causes parental feeding behaviour.

scholarly journals Sibling eating behaviours and parental feeding practices with siblings: similar or different?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2415-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerica M Berge ◽  
Allan D Tate ◽  
Amanda Trofholz ◽  
Katherine Conger ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Child Eating

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about whether siblings have similar or different eating behaviours or whether parents tailor their feeding practices to different siblings. The main objectives of the present study were to examine similarities and differences in child eating behaviours and parental feeding practices with siblings and to determine whether child eating behaviours and parental feeding practices differ depending on sibling concordant (i.e. both siblings overweight or healthy weight) or discordant (i.e. one sibling overweight and one sibling healthy weight) weight status.DesignCross-sectional, mixed-methods study.SettingIn-home visits were conducted by research staff. Surveys were conducted with parents and anthropometry was collected on parents and siblings.SubjectsChildren (n 88) aged 6–12 years (mean age 9 (sd 2) years), their parents (mean age 34 (sd 7) years) and near-age siblings (mean age 9 (sd 4) years) from diverse racial/ethnic and low-income households participated.ResultsResults indicated that siblings with higher BMI engaged in higher levels of emotional eating compared with siblings with lower BMI. Additionally, results indicated that when families had sibling dyads discordant on weight status, the sibling who was overweight had higher food enjoyment and lower levels of food satiety. Additionally, within siblings with discordant weight status, parents were more likely to use restrictive feeding practices with the overweight sibling and pressure-to-eat and encouragement-to-eat feeding practices with the healthy-weight sibling.ConclusionsFamily-based childhood obesity interventions may need to assess for sibling weight status when researching the home environment and intervene with parents to avoid using restriction or pressure-to-eat feeding practices when siblings are discordant on weight status.

Child weight and parental feeding practices: a child-responsive model

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lind Melbye ◽  
Håvard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Parental Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose – The majority of previous studies on parental feeding practices have focused on the effect of controlling feeding strategies on child eating and weight (i.e. parental influence on children). The present study turns the arrow in the opposite direction, and it aims to test a child-responsive model by exploring the process in which child weight status might influence parental feeding practices, addressing potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight (i.e. child influence on parents). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional survey was performed among parents of 10- to 12-year olds (n = 963). The survey questionnaire included measures of parental feeding practices and parents’ reports of child weight and height. Stepwise regressions were performed to reveal potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight status on the associations between child BMI and a wide range of parental feeding practices. Findings – Our results suggest a mediating effect of parental concern for child overweight on the associations between child body mass index and controlling feeding practices such as restriction for weight and health purposes and responsibility for determining child portion sizes. Originality/value – This study provides an extension of previous research on parental feeding–child weight relationship. It includes a wider spectrum of feeding variables, and integrates parental concern for both child who is overweight and child who is underweight as potential mediators of the associations between child weight and parental feeding practices. Moreover, it has its focus on preadolescent children, while previous studies have focused on infants and young children.

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