scholarly journals Total and regional relationship between lean and fat mass with increasing adiposity—impact for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1356-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Schautz ◽  
W Later ◽  
M Heller ◽  
M J Müller ◽  
A Bosy-Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Regional Relationship

scholarly journals Obesity Measures and Definitions of Sarcopenic Obesity in Singaporean Adults – the Yishun Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Wei Jun Pang ◽  
Shiou Liang Wee ◽  
Lay Khoon Lau ◽  
Khalid Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Wei Ting Seah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Healthy Community

Abstract Background: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and its effect on functional disability is of particular concern. Due to the lack of a uniform obesity definition, there is marked variability in reported SO prevalence and inconsistent data on observed adverse health outcomes.Objectives: We compare SO prevalence and the associations of SO with physical function using sarcopenia according to current AWGS guidelines with different obesity measures. We recommend that the most optimal SO diagnostic formulation would be one that is most significantly associated with reduced physical function.Design: 542 healthy, community-dwelling Singaporeans were recruited (21-90 years old, 57.9% women). We assessed anthropometry, body composition, and questionnaire-based physical and cognitive factors, and estimated SO prevalence with obesity defined according to waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (PBF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat mass/fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM). Muscle function was compared among phenotypes and obesity definitions using ANOVA. Differences across obesity measures were further ascertained using multiple linear regressions to determine their associations with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).Results: Overall prevalence of SO was 7.6% (WC-based), 5.1% (PBF-based), 2.7% (FMI-based), and 1.5% (FM/FFM-based). The SO phenotype consistently performed poorer than the obese group (p<.05) except for FM/FFM-based measure, and performed poorer than the sarcopenic group in SPPB (p<.05) only in the PBF and FMI-based measures. SO was significantly associated with SPPB only in the FMI and FM/FFM models (p<.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggest FMI as the most preferred measure for obesity and support its use as a diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Youn I Choi ◽  
Jun-Won Chung ◽  
Dong Kyun Park ◽  
Kwang Pil Ko ◽  
Kyung Oh Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and objective: Although obesity is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), no study has evaluated the association of PUD with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of sarcopenia and obesity with PUD. Material and Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV and V for 2007–2012 were used. PUD history, dietary, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity patterns, and other socioeconomic factors were analyzed. Sarcopenia index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg) ÷ body mass index (kg/m2)) and body fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of sarcopenia with the prevalence of PUD. Results: The 7092 patients were divided into the sarcopenic obesity (SO, n = 870), sarcopenic non-obesity (n = 2676), non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO, n = 2698), and non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NSNO, n = 848) groups. The prevalence of PUD in these groups was 70 (7.9%), 170 (7.4%), 169 (6.3%), and 47 (3.8%), respectively (p < 0.001). A crude analysis revealed that the prevalence of PUD was 2.2-fold higher in the SO group than in the NSNO group (odds ratio (OR), 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5–3.2), the significance of which remained after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) score (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3–2.7). Conclusion: In conclusion, in this nationally representative cohort, the combination of muscle and fat mass, as well as obesity, was associated with an increased risk of PUD.

Obesity Definition for Muscle Outcomes in Sarcopenic Obesity: Utility of Waist Circumference Revisited

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
J.P. Lim ◽  
J. Chew ◽  
N.H. Ismail ◽  
W.S. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Measures

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as the concomitant presence of sarcopenia and obesity (1). Studies have employed different obesity definitions to understand the relation of SO to cardiometabolic outcomes, with more recent studies examining muscle-related outcomes (2, 3). The leading candidates amongst obesity definitions are waist circumference (WC), percentage fat mass (FM%), and fat mass index (FMI). The last two measures are derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance (BIA), and adjust for fat quantity irrespective of distribution (4).

SUN-PO289: Fat Mass to Fat-Free Mass Ratio in People with Morbid Obesity as a Marker of Sarcopenic Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. S166
Author(s):  
M.D. Ballesteros-Pomar ◽  
B. Pintor de la Maza ◽  
E. González Arnáiz ◽  
P. Fernández Martínez ◽  
A. Urioste Fondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Mass Ratio

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity in Adults with Class II/III Obesity Using Different Diagnostic Criteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlene A. Johnson Stoklossa ◽  
Arya M. Sharma ◽  
Mary Forhan ◽  
Mario Siervo ◽  
Raj S. Padwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Background/Objective. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a hidden condition of reduced lean soft tissue (LST) in context of excess adiposity. SO is most commonly reported in older adults and both its risk and prevalence increase with age. A variety of body composition indices and cut points have been used to define this condition, leading to conflicting prevalence and risk prediction. Here, we investigate variability in the prevalence of SO in an adult sample of individuals with class II/III obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) using different diagnostic criteria.Methods. SO definitions were identified from a literature review of studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess LST. Demographics, anthropometrics, and body composition (by DXA) were measured inn=120, 86% female (46.9 ± 11.1 years).Results. LST was extremely variable in individuals, even with similar body sizes, and observed across the age spectrum. The prevalence of SO ranged from 0 to 84.5% in females and 0 to 100% in males, depending upon the definition applied, with higher prevalence among definitions accounting for measures of body size or fat mass.Conclusion. SO is present, yet variable, in adults with class II/III obesity. Accounting for body mass or fat mass may identify a higher number of individuals with SO, although risk prediction remains to be studied.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges in Diagnosis using Different Diagnostic Criteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Tomborelli Bellafronte ◽  
Amanda de Queirós Mattoso Ono ◽  
Paula Garcia Chiarello
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Muscle Impairment

Obesity and muscle impairment (low muscle mass or strength) are present in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated to worse prognosis. However, the various existing definitions for these conditions make the diagnosis variable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the agreement between diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity and its components in CKD. Two hundred and sixty seven patients with CKD were included in the study. We assessed body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and muscle function by handgrip strength (HGS); adiposity by BMI, waist circumference (WC), fat mass index (FMI), and percentage of fat mass (%FM). Diagnosis of muscle impairment was made by HGS, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and index (ALMI); obesity by BMI, WC, FMI and %FM, and sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed by concomitant presence of muscle impairment and obesity. Prevalence of muscle impairment varied from 11 to 50%, higher when low muscle mass criteria was used. Prevalence of obesity varied from 26 to 62%, higher when WC and %FM criteria was used. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied from 2 to 23%. Women were more affected by sarcopenic obesity. Muscle impairment and sarcopenic obesity were more prevalent among patients on hemodialysis and obesity among non-dialysis-dependent and kidney transplant patients. The agreement was poor between muscle mass and strength criteria; substantial between FMI, BMI, and %FM and only fair between WC and the others measures; for sarcopenic obesity, varied from poor to almost perfect. Significant differences were found among the various diagnostic criteria that are used in the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity.

scholarly journals Alternative Options for the Nutritional Status of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: CHF Phenotype with Sarcopenic Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-446
Author(s):  
V. I. Shevtsova ◽  
A. A. Zujkova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Hormonal Activity ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

More than 7 % in the general population suffers from chronic heart failure. It is known that 65 % of people with chronic heart failure are over 60 years old, and the average age of patients is 70 years. Patients with CHF are characterized by a change in nutritive status. Often, patients suffer from malinutrition in the outcome of the disease. However, given the prevalence of obesity and this role in the pathogenesis of diseases leading to chronic heart failure, there are patients with increased body weight. Given the sarcopenia characteristic of elderly patients, it is possible to form a phenotype of CHF with sarcopenic obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by normal or increased fat mass and miopenia. Sarcopenic obesity provokes hypodiagnosis of disorders of nutritive status, and also, taking into account the hormonal activity of the fat mass, contributes to the progression of chronic heart failure. All this leads to a loss of functional activity of patients, a decrease in their quality of life and requires the development of an individual management plan for such a patient.

scholarly journals Intranasal Oxytocin Improves Lean Muscle Mass in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Sara Espinoza ◽  
Adetutu Odejimi ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Vinutha Ganapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Abstract Obese older adults often have sarcopenia with increased functional impairments. Unfortunately, conventional weight loss treatments can lead to further muscle mass loss. Increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that the pituitary hormone oxytocin has trophic effects on skeletal muscle cells and can induce weight loss. We piloted a clinical trial testing whether intranasal oxytocin would decrease adiposity without lowering muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Twenty-one older (≥60years), obese (30-43kg/m2), sedentary (&lt;2 strenuous exercises/week) adults with slow gait speed (&lt;1m/sec) were randomized to intra-nasal oxytocin (24IU four times/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Pre and post body mass index (BMI), 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and whole body lean and fat mass (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Generalized estimation equation method was used to evaluate effects of oxytocin on these continuous measures. At baseline, results were: age 67.5±5.4years, 71% female, BMI 36.0±3.6kg/m2, HbA1c 5.7±0.4%, 2-hr OGTT glucose 140.8±4.1mg/dL, SPPB 9.2±1.9, fat mass 45,429±7,037g, and lean mass was 49,892±10,470g. From baseline to follow-up, total lean mass increased significantly (2,250g) in the oxytocin group (pre- vs. post-treatment difference of -690g in placebo and +1,559g in oxytocin, p&lt;0.01). Oxytocin did not lead to significant changes in other measures. This data suggests that oxytocin leads to significant improvement in whole body lean mass. Future studies in a larger study population will help determine whether older adults with sarcopenic obesity may benefit from intranasal oxytocin to improve lean muscle mass and physical function.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Vera ◽  
Mary McConville ◽  
Michael Kyba ◽  
Manda Keller-Ross
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background: Sarcopenic obesity has been observed in people with neuromuscular impairment, and is linked to adverse health outcomes.It is unclear, however, if sarcopenia obesity develops in adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Methods: This research was designed to determine if adults with FSHD meet criteria for sarcopenic obesity (appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) scores of <7.26 kg/m2 or 5.45 kg/m2; % body fat of >28% or 40% in men/women). Ten people with FSHD (50±11 years, 2 females) and ten age/sex-matched controls (47±13 years, 2 females) completed one visit, which included a full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Regional and whole body total mass (g), fat mass (FM, (g, %)), and lean mass (LM, (g, %)) were collected; body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and and sarcopenia measures (appendicular lean mass (sum of arm/leg lean mass, ALM (kg)), ALMI (kg/m2)) were computed. Results: Although total body mass was similar between adults with FSHD and controls (84.5±12.9 vs. 81.8±13.5 kg, respectively; p=0.65), the proportion of mass due to fat was much higher in FSHD, with many individuals having >50% mass due to fat (means: 40.8±7.0 vs. 27.9±7.5%; p=0.001). ALM volume was 23% lower and ALMI was 27% lower in FSHD (p<0.01). Whole body LM trended to be lower in FSHD vs. controls (p=0.05) and arm and leg LM were both lower in FSHD compared with controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, the % LM was 18% lower in FSHD vs. controls (p=0.001). FSHD participants exhibited greater total body FM (p<0.01), total leg fat mass (p<0.001), and but similar total arm fat mass (p=0.09). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that people with FSHD, although similar in total body mass to controls, commonly meet the definition of sarcopenic obesity, with significant consequences for quality of life, and implications for disease management.

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