scholarly journals Food security: Close crop yield gap

Nature ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 480 (7375) ◽  
pp. 39-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Finger
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Gap

Closing Yield Gaps: Consequences for the Global Food Supply, Environmental Quality & Food Security

Daedalus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel D. Mueller ◽  
Seth Binder
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Yield Gaps

The social, economic, and environmental costs of feeding a burgeoning and increasingly affluent human population will depend, in part, on how we increase crop production on under-yielding agricultural landscapes, and by how much. Such areas have a “yield gap” between the crop yields they achieve and the crop yields that could be achieved under more intensive management. Crop yield gaps have received increased attention in recent years due to concerns over land scarcity, stagnating crop yield trends in some important agricultural areas, and large projected increases in food demand. Recent analyses of global data sets and results from field trials have improved our understanding of where yield gaps exist and their potential contribution to increasing the food supply. Achieving yield gap closure is a complex task: while agronomic approaches to closing yield gaps are generally well-known, a variety of social, political, and economic factors allow them to persist. The degree to which closing yield gaps will lead to greater food security and environmental benefits remains unclear, and will be strongly influenced by the particular strategies adopted.

scholarly journals Methodology of Analyzing Maize Density Loss in Smallholder’s Fields and Potential Optimize Approach

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Zhichao An ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Jiao ◽  
Zhongliang Kong ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Farmer Decision Making ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Farmer Survey ◽  
Experimental Plots

Increasing plant density is a key measure to close the maize (Zea mays L.) yield gap and ensure food security. However, there is a large plant density difference in the fields sown by agronomists and smallholders. The primary cause of this phenomenon is the lack of an effective methodology to systematically analyze the density loss. To identify the plant density loss processes from experimental plots to smallholder fields, a research methodology was developed in this study involving a farmer survey and measurements in a smallholder field. The results showed that the sowing density difference caused by farmer decision-making and plant density losses caused by mechanical and agronomic factors explained 15.5%, 5.5% and 6.8% of the plant density difference, respectively. Changing smallholder attitudes toward the value of increasing the plant density could help reduce this density loss and increase farm yields by 12.3%. Therefore, this methodology was effective for analyzing the plant density loss, and to clarify the primary causes of sowing density differences and plant density loss. Additionally, it was beneficial to identify the priorities and stakeholders who share responsibility for reducing the density loss. The methodology has wide applicability to address the sowing density differences and plant density loss in other areas to narrow crop yield gaps and ensure food security.

Yield gap of cassava crop as a measure of food security - an example for the main Brazilian producing regions

Food Security ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio de Araújo Visses ◽  
Paulo Cesar Sentelhas ◽  
André Belmont Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Cassava Crop

scholarly journals Correlating the Plant Height of Wheat with Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Yield Using Drone Imagery and Crop Surface Model, A Case Study from Nepal

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Shankar Panday ◽  
Nawaraj Shrestha ◽  
Shashish Maharjan ◽  
Arun Kumar Pratihast ◽  
Shahnawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass

Food security is one of the burning issues in the 21st century, as a tremendous population growth over recent decades has increased demand for food production systems. However, agricultural production is constrained by the limited availability of arable land resources, whereas a significant part of these is already degraded due to overexploitation. In order to get optimum output from the available land resources, it is of prime importance that crops are monitored, analyzed, and mapped at various stages of growth so that the areas having underdeveloped/unhealthy plants can be treated appropriately as and when required. This type of monitoring can be performed using ultra-high-resolution earth observation data like the images captured through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/drones. The objective of this research is to estimate and analyze the above-ground biomass (AGB) of the wheat crop using a consumer-grade red-green-blue (RGB) camera mounted on a drone. AGB and yield of wheat were estimated from linear regression models involving plant height obtained from crop surface models (CSMs) derived from the images captured by the drone-mounted camera. This study estimated plant height in an integrated setting of UAV-derived images with a Mid-Western Terai topographic setting (67 to 300 m amsl) of Nepal. Plant height estimated from the drone images had an error of 5% to 11.9% with respect to direct field measurement. While R2 of 0.66 was found for AGB, that of 0.73 and 0.70 were found for spike and grain weights respectively. This statistical quality assurance contributes to crop yield estimation, and hence to develop efficient food security strategies using earth observation and geo-information.

scholarly journals How good is good enough? Data requirements for reliable crop yield simulations and yield-gap analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Grassini ◽  
Lenny G.J. van Bussel ◽  
Justin Van Wart ◽  
Joost Wolf ◽  
Lieven Claessens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Yield Gap Analysis

scholarly journals Impact of irrigation technology use on crop yield, crop income and household food security in Nigeria: A treatment effect approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogunniyi Adebayo ◽  
◽  
Omonona Bolarin ◽  
Abioye Oyewale ◽  
Olagunju Kehinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Crop Income

scholarly journals Spatial frameworks for robust estimation of yield gaps

Nature Food ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Rattalino Edreira ◽  
José F. Andrade ◽  
Kenneth G. Cassman ◽  
Martin K. van Ittersum ◽  
Marloes P. van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Yield Gaps

AbstractFood security interventions and policies need reliable estimates of crop production and the scope to enhance production on existing cropland. Here we assess the performance of two widely used ‘top-down’ gridded frameworks (Global Agro-ecological Zones and Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project) versus an alternative ‘bottom-up’ approach (Global Yield Gap Atlas). The Global Yield Gap Atlas estimates extra production potential locally for a number of sites representing major breadbaskets and then upscales the results to larger spatial scales. We find that estimates from top-down frameworks are alarmingly unlikely, with estimated potential production being lower than current farm production at some locations. The consequences of using these coarse estimates to predict food security are illustrated by an example for sub-Saharan Africa, where using different approaches would lead to different prognoses about future cereal self-sufficiency. Our study shows that foresight about food security and associated agriculture research priority setting based on yield potential and yield gaps derived from top-down approaches are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and would benefit from incorporating estimates from bottom-up approaches.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Analyzing Yield Gap in Africa through Soil Attribute Best Management Using Remote Sensing Approaches: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4602
Author(s):  
Keltoum Khechba ◽  
Ahmed Laamrani ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
Khalil Misbah ◽  
Abdelghani Chehbouni
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Gap Analysis

Africa has the largest population growth rate in the world and an agricultural system characterized by the predominance of smallholder farmers. Improving food security in Africa will require a good understanding of farming systems yields as well as reducing yield gaps (i.e., the difference between potential yield and actual farmer yield). To this end, crop yield gap practices in African countries need to be understood to fill this gap while decreasing the environmental impacts of agricultural systems. For instance, the variability of yields has been demonstrated to be strongly controlled by soil fertilizer use, irrigation management, soil attribute, and the climate. Consequently, the quantitative assessment and mapping information of soil attributes such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC), moisture content (MC), and soil texture (i.e., clay, sand and silt contents) on the ground are essential to potentially reducing the yield gap. However, to assess, measure, and monitor these soil yield-related parameters in the field, there is a need for rapid, accurate, and inexpensive methods. Recent advances in remote sensing technologies and high computational performances offer a unique opportunity to implement cost-effective spatiotemporal methods for estimating crop yield with important levels of scalability. However, researchers and scientists in Africa are not taking advantage of the opportunity of increasingly available geospatial remote sensing technologies and data for yield studies. The objectives of this report are to (i) conduct a review of scientific literature on the current status of African yield gap analysis research and their variation in regard to soil properties management by using remote sensing techniques; (ii) review and describe optimal yield practices in Africa; and (iii) identify gaps and limitations to higher yields in African smallholder farms and propose possible improvements. Our literature reviewed 80 publications and covered a period of 22 years (1998-2020) over many selected African countries with a potential yield improvement. Our results found that (i) the number of agriculture yield-focused remote sensing studies has gradually increased, with the largest proportion of studies published during the last 15 years; (ii) most studies were conducted exclusively using multispectral Landsat and Sentinel sensors; and (iii) over the past decade, hyperspectral imagery has contributed to a better understanding of yield gap analysis compared to multispectral imagery; (iv) soil nutrients (i.e., NPK) are not the main factor influencing the studied crop productivity in Africa, whereas clay, SOC, and soil pH were the most examined soil properties in prior papers.

scholarly journals Identification of the most appropriate adaptation for rice and wheat in the face of climate change in eastern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Dubey ◽  
Ashok Mishra ◽  
Rajendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Adaptation Options

Abstract The changing climate affects natural resources that impart a negative impact on crop yield and food security. It is thus imperative to identify agro-climate wise, area-specific adaptation options to ensure food security. This study, therefore, evaluated some feasible adaptation options for two staple food grain crops, rice and wheat, in different agro-climatic regions (ACRs) of Eastern India. Alteration in transplanting date, seedling age, and fertilizer management (rate and split of fertilizer) for rice; and sowing date, fertilizer management, and deficit irrigation scheduling for wheat, are assessed as adaptation options. Crop environment and resource synthesis (DSSAT) model is used to simulate the crop yield using different plausible adaptation options to projected climate scenarios. Findings show that shifting transplanting/sowing date, and nitrogen fertilizer application at 120% of recommended nitrogen dose with four splits could be an effective adaptation for rice and wheat crops. Results also emphasize that transplanting of 18 days older seedlings may be beneficial in rice cultivation. In contrast, irrigation at a 30–40% deficit of maximum available water would sustain the wheat yield under climate change conditions. This study suggests the best combination of adaptation options under climate change conditions in diverse ACRs, which may assist agriculturists in coping with climate change.

scholarly journals WEATHER EXTREMES AND AGRICULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W6 ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
K. Ray ◽  
K. Arora ◽  
A. K. Srivastav
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Cold Waves ◽  
Changing Patterns

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Agricultural production is highly vulnerable to weather extremes. The changing patterns of these extreme events have significant implications on food security. Unprecedented weather extremes can strongly impact crop yield regionally and globally. The present study examines change in the frequency of extreme events (Floods, heat/cold waves, Tropical Cyclones and Lightning) over half a century from 1960 to 2016 and its effects on crop yield over India. The analysis aims at identifying the regions which are more susceptible to extreme events and the changing patterns in the occurrence of these events. Case studies to analyse the influence of the extremes on yields are also attempted for some of the regions with a high frequency of these events.</p>

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