scholarly journals Modest increase proposed for EU research budget

Nature ◽  
10.1038/41395 ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 388 (6642) ◽  
pp. 506-506
Author(s):  
Alison Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Modest Increase ◽  
Research Budget

Public Intoxication and Criminal Justice

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. George Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S

Since the mid 1930's there has been an accelerating growth in understanding the nature and scope of alcohol abuse, and a modest increase in resources to combat it. Although, as early as 1869, a significant court decision held that alcoholism could be viewed as an illness, It was not until the second half of the 1960s that the next such findings, this time by Federal courts, set the course of continuing action to take alcoholism out of the criminal justice system and place it under the aegis of health care. The status of alcoholism legislation in thirty-eight states is examined, based on their resonse to a survey questionnaire and other data provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alternate treatment systems, developed and tested by the Ontario Addictions Foundation, provide background to the treatment systems which have emerged in most states which have decriminalized public intoxication.

Evaluation of a Promotional Strategy to Increase Bicycle Helmet Use by Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-777
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Parkin ◽  
Laura J. Spence ◽  
Xiaohan Hu ◽  
Katherine E. Kranz ◽  
Linda G. Shortt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Control Area ◽  
High Income ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Promotional Strategy ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Low Income Families

Bicycle-related head injuries are an important cause of death and disability, despite the availability of helmets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based bicycle helmet promotion program in increasing helmet use by children while controlling for secular trends. Two high-income and two low-income schools in an urban Canadian community were selected to receive a bicycle helmet promotion intervention, with the remaining 18 schools serving as controls. Approximately 1800 observations of bicycling children were made at randomly selected observational sites 2 to 5 months after the intervention to assess changes in behavior. Helmet use at all observation sites tripled from 3.4% (1990, preintervention) to 16% (1991, postintervention). In the high-income intervention area, observed helmet use rose dramatically from 4% to 36% in contrast to the more modest increase in the high-income control area from 4% to 15%. In the low-income intervention area, there was a modest increase from 1% to 7%, but it did not differ from the increase in the low-income control area from 3% to 13%. The program was highly successful in children of high-income families but not in children of low-income families. Developing strategies for low-income families remains a priority.

Wartime changes in the winter diet of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Products

The general characteristics of a group of thirtynine herds of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England, and the method of obtaining information about their diet during the winters 1938–9 to 1942–3 inclusive, are briefly described.The first three winters of the war show a continuous decline in starch equivalent and protein equivalent per cow, followed by a recovery during winter 1942–3.Comparing winter 1942–3 with winter 1938–9: Consumption per cow of concentrates declined by one-third, reductions in proprietary compounds and mixtures and in maize and wheat products being outstanding.The more important increases were in oats, straw and succulent foods, notably mangolds, sugar-beet tops and kale.Hay retained its important place with little overall change; a modest increase in silage was restricted to a few herds.The crude weight of the average daily ration increased from 44 to 61 lb., but its dry matter only from 21·0 to 22·6 lb.The residue: total dry matter less digestible organic matter—increased from 7·2 to 8·4 lb. per cow daily. Reference is made to changes in palatability.

scholarly journals Real Urban Wage in an Agricultural Economy Without Landless Farmers: Serbia 1862-1910

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boško Mijatović ◽  
Branko Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Skilled And Unskilled Workers

The paper presents the first estimate of the welfare ratio for Serbia using the 19th and early 20th century data on wages of skilled and unskilled workers (including the part paid in kind) and prices of goods that enter into “subsistence” and “respectability” consumption baskets. It finds a stagnation of unskilled wage close to the welfare ratio of 1, and a modest increase in skilled wage. The paper introduces several adjustments to conventional methodology in order to make it more relevant for predominantly agricultural societies. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

Active School Lesson Breaks Increase Daily Vigorous Physical Activity, but Not Daily Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Elementary School Boys

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Wilson ◽  
Timothy Olds ◽  
Kurt Lushington ◽  
Somayeh Parvazian ◽  
James Dollman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Classroom Behaviors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
School Day ◽  
And Control

Purpose:Brief classroom-based episodes of physical activity (active lesson breaks, ALBs) have improved schoolchildren’s classroom behaviors in some studies, and may also increase the likelihood of children meeting the recommended daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, there is emerging evidence that increases in physical activity at particular times of the day may lead to compensatory declines at other times. This study explored evidence for compensatory declines in response to a 10 min ALB during the school day.Method:Thirty-eight 12-year-old boys from a single elementary school completed intervention and control conditions in a cross-over design, with each phase lasting one week. The intervention consisted of a single 10-min active lesson break delivered on each of three days in the intervention week. Twenty-four hour accelerometry was used to quantify moderate and vigorous physical activity.Results:ALBs increased in-school MVPA by 5.8 min (p < .0001), but overall daily MVPA was similar between intervention and control conditions (77.2 vs 77.4 min/d, p > .05), However, vigorous physical activity increased significantly over the whole day (11.2 vs 8.9 min, p = .0006).Conclusion:A brief episode of classroom-based play led to a modest increase in vigorous physical activity in elementary school students, but did not increase MVPA across the day.

scholarly journals International Enrollments in the United States: 60 Years of 'Open Doors' Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Chow ◽  
Julie Chambers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Graduate International Students

When IIE started to report the census on international students at colleges or universities in the United States in 1948/49, only 25,464 international students were reported. In 2008/09, the number was 671,616, which was itself an 8% increase from the previous year. As for the trends by sending regions, 62% of international students were from Asia in 2008/09, though it was 26% in 1948/49; this outnumbered the modest increase of students from Europe and Latin America during the period. Recently, graduate international students outnumbered undergraduate international students.

scholarly journals Racial disparities in access to HLA-matched unrelated donor transplants: a prospective 1312-patient analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet N. Barker ◽  
Kirsten Boughan ◽  
Parastoo B. Dahi ◽  
Sean M. Devlin ◽  
Molly A. Maloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Matched Unrelated Donor ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Unrelated Donors ◽  
African Patients ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Availability of 8/8 HLA-allele matched unrelated donors (URDs) is a barrier for ethnic and racial minorities. We prospectively evaluated receipt of 8/8 HLA-allele matched URD or either 7/8 URD or cord blood (CB) transplants by patient ancestry from 2005 to 2017. Matched URDs were given priority if they were available. Of 1312 patients, 723 (55%) received 8/8 URD, 219 (17%) 7/8 URD, 319 (24%) CB, and 51 (4%) had no 7/8 or 8/8 URD or CB graft. Europeans were more likely to receive an 8/8 URD transplant than non-Europeans (67% vs 33%) and less likely to have no URD or CB graft (1% vs 9%). Southern Europeans received 8/8 URD transplants (41%) at rates similar to those of Asians (34%) and white Hispanics (35%); Africans were the least likely (18%) to undergo 8/8 URD transplantation. CB and 7/8 URDs extended transplant access to all groups. In 742 recent patients, marked racial disparity in 8/8 URD access between groups observed in earlier years persisted with only a modest increase in the percentage of 8/8 URD transplants. Of 78 recent African patients, 46% received a CB transplant and 14% had no 7/8 or 8/8 URD or CB graft. Increasing registry size has not resolved the racial disparity in URD access, which emphasizes the importance of alternative graft sources.

Biotechnology - The possibilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
J.J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Research Budget

An increasing proportion of Agricultural Research funding is being directed to biotechnology and to cell and molecular biology. This shift in funding has two effects on animal production research. First it provides a certain amount of novel information and technology with which to improve current production systems. Second, it leaves less of the research budget for whole animal experiments. It behoves us therefore to keep abreast of the achievements and aspirations of the molecular and cellular biologists. The diverse interests and expertise of the BSAP membership in research, development, advisory work and teaching make the Society a unique forum for conducting the open and on-going debate that is needed to ensure that the results of modern biotechnology are examined critically and applied to the animal production industries in an efficient and acceptable manner.

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