scholarly journals Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean

Nature ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 378 (6553) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syukuro Manabe ◽  
Ronald J. Stouffer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Surface temperatures of the Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic Ocean: implications for future climate

2008 ◽  
Vol 367 (1886) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J Dowsett ◽  
Mark A Chandler ◽  
Marci M Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

The Mid-Pliocene is the most recent interval in the Earth's history to have experienced warming of the magnitude predicted for the second half of the twenty-first century and is, therefore, a possible analogue for future climate conditions. With continents basically in their current positions and atmospheric CO 2 similar to early twenty-first century values, the cause of Mid-Pliocene warmth remains elusive. Understanding the behaviour of the North Atlantic Ocean during the Mid-Pliocene is integral to evaluating future climate scenarios owing to its role in deep water formation and its sensitivity to climate change. Under the framework of the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) sea surface reconstruction, we synthesize Mid-Pliocene North Atlantic studies by PRISM members and others, describing each region of the North Atlantic in terms of palaeoceanography. We then relate Mid-Pliocene sea surface conditions to expectations of future warming. The results of the data and climate model comparisons suggest that the North Atlantic is more sensitive to climate change than is suggested by climate model simulations, raising the concern that estimates of future climate change are conservative.

scholarly journals Hosed vs. unhosed: global response to interruptions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning, with and without freshwater forcing

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 4669-4700 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Brown ◽  
E. D. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
Global Response ◽  
The North ◽  
Freshwater Forcing ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. It is well known that glacial periods were punctuated by abrupt climate changes, with large impacts on air temperature, precipitation, and ocean circulation across the globe. However, the long-held idea that freshwater forcing, caused by massive iceberg discharges, was the driving force behind these changes has been questioned in recent years. This throws into doubt the abundant literature on modelling abrupt climate change through "hosing" experiments, whereby the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is interrupted by an injection of freshwater to the North Atlantic: if some, or all, abrupt climate change was not driven by freshwater input, could its character have been very different than the typical hosed experiments? Here, we take advantage of a global coupled ocean–atmosphere model that exhibits spontaneous, unhosed oscillations in AMOC strength, in order to examine how the global imprint of AMOC variations depends on whether or not it is the result of external freshwater input. The results imply that, to first order, the ocean–ice–atmosphere dynamics associated with an AMOC weakening dominate the global response, regardless of whether or not freshwater input is the cause. The exception lies in the impact freshwater inputs can have on the strength of other polar haloclines, particularly the Southern Ocean, to which freshwater can be transported relatively quickly after injection in the North Atlantic.

scholarly journals Tropical vegetation response to Heinrich Event 1 as simulated with the UVic ESCM and CCSM3

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5359-5387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Handiani ◽  
A. Paul ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
M. Prange ◽  
U. Merkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
The North ◽  
Heinrich Event ◽  
Southward Shift ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. We investigated changes in tropical climate and vegetation cover associated with abrupt climate change during Heinrich Event 1 (HE1) using two different global climate models: the University of Victoria Earth System-Climate Model (UVic ESCM) and the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). Tropical South American and African pollen records suggest that the cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean during HE1 influenced the tropics through a southward shift of the rainbelt. In this study, we simulated the HE1 by applying a freshwater perturbation to the North Atlantic Ocean. The resulting slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation was followed by a temperature seesaw between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as a southward shift of the tropical rainbelt. The shift was more pronounced in the CCSM3 than in the UVic ESCM simulation. Nevertheless, both models suggested a similar response of the vegetation patterns in the tropics around the Atlantic Ocean, where the grass cover increased and the tree cover decreased, specifically in tropical North Africa around 15° N in the UVic ESCM simulation and around 10° N in CCSM3. In the CCSM3 model, the tree and grass cover in tropical Southeast Asia responded to the abrupt climate change during the HE1, which could not be found in the UVic ESCM. The biome distributions derived from both models corroborate findings from pollen records in Southwestern and equatorial Western Africa as well as Northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Spatial synchrony in the response of a long range migratory species ( Salmo salar ) to climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1319-1337
Author(s):  
Maxime Olmos ◽  
Mark R. Payne ◽  
Marie Nevoux ◽  
Etienne Prévost ◽  
Gérald Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Spatiotemporal evolution of the chlorophyll a trend in the North Atlantic Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 1141-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yuanling Zhang ◽  
Qi Shu ◽  
Chang Zhao ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic
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