Axonal sprouting accompanies functional reorganization in adult cat striate cortex

Nature ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 368 (6473) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Darian-Smith ◽  
Charles D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Axonal Sprouting ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Plasticity of neuronal response properties in adult cat striate cortex

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MCLEAN ◽  
L.A. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Spatial Phase ◽  
Associative Conditioning ◽  
Phase Tuning ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

We have utilized an associative conditioning paradigm to induce changes in the receptive field (RF) properties of neurons in the adult cat striate cortex. During conditioning, the presentation of particular visual stimuli were repeatedly paired with the iontophoretic application of either GABA or glutamate to control postsynaptic firing rates. Similar paradigms have been used in kitten visual cortex to alter RF properties (Fregnac et al., 1988, 1992; Greuel et al., 1988; Shulz & Fregnac, 1992). Roughly half of the cells that were subjected to conditioning with stimuli differing in orientation were found to have orientation tuning curves that were significantly altered. In general, the modification in orientation tuning was not accompanied by a shift in preferred orientation, but rather, responsiveness to stimuli at or near the positively reinforced orientation was increased relative to controls, and responsiveness to stimuli at or near the negatively reinforced orientation was decreased relative to controls. A similar proportion of cells that were subjected to conditioning with stimuli differing in spatial phase were found to have spatial-phase tuning curves that were significantly modified. Conditioning stimuli typically differed by 90 deg in spatial phase, but modifications in spatial-phase angle were generally 30–40 deg. An interesting phenomenon we encountered was that during conditioning, cells often developed a modulated response to counterphased grating stimuli presented at the null spatial phase. We present an example of a simple cell for which the shift in preferred spatial phase measured with counterphased grating stimuli was comparable to the shift in spatial phase computed from a one-dimensional Gabor fit of the space-time RF profile. One of ten cells tested had a significant change in direction selectivity following associative conditioning. The specific and predictable modifications of RF properties induced by our associative conditioning procedure demonstrate the ability of mature visual cortical neurons to alter their integrative properties. Our results lend further support to models of synaptic plasticity where temporal correlations between presynaptic and postsynaptic activity levels control the efficiency of transmission at existing synapses, and to the idea that the mature visual cortex is, in some sense, dynamically organized.

Three dimensional morphometric analyses of axon terminals early changes induced by methylmercury intoxication in the adult cat striate cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 1244 ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
Wallace Gomes Leal ◽  
Domingos Luis Wanderley Picanço-Diniz ◽  
João Bento Torres Neto ◽  
Nara Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Methylmercury Intoxication ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Favored patterns in spike trains. II. Application

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dayhoff ◽  
G. L. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex ◽  
Template Methods ◽  
Anesthetized Cat

In this paper we apply the two methods described in the companion paper (4) to experimentally recorded spike trains from two preparations, the crayfish claw and the cat striate cortex. Neurons in the crayfish claw control system produced favored patterns in 23 of 30 spike trains under a variety of experimental conditions. Favored patterns generally consisted of 3-7 spikes and were found to be in excess by both quantized and template methods. Spike trains from area 17 of the lightly anesthetized cat showed favored patterns in 16 of 27 cases (in quantized form). Some patterns were also found to be favored in template form; these were not as abundant in the cat data as in the crayfish data. Most firing of the cat neurons occurred at times near stimulation, and the observed patterns may represent stimulus information. Favored patterns generally contained up to 7 spikes. No obvious correlations between identified neurons or experimental conditions and the generation of favored patterns were apparent from these data in either preparation. This work adds to the existing evidence that pattern codes are available for use by the nervous system. The potential biological significance of pattern codes is discussed.

Role of intracortical inhibition in orientation tuning dynamics in the cat striate cortex neurons

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Shevelev ◽  
U. T. Eysel ◽  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
G. A. Sharaev
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Dynamics of orientation tuning in the cat striate cortex neurons

Neuroscience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Shevelev ◽  
G.A. Sharaev ◽  
N.A. Lazareva ◽  
R.V. Novikova ◽  
A.S. Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Directional selectivity and spatiotemporal structure of receptive fields of simple cells in cat striate cortex

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Reid ◽  
R. E. Soodak ◽  
R. M. Shapley
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Orientation Contrast ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

1. Simple cells in cat striate cortex were studied with a number of stimulation paradigms to explore the extent to which linear mechanisms determine direction selectivity. For each paradigm, our aim was to predict the selectivity for the direction of moving stimuli given only the responses to stationary stimuli. We have found that the prediction robustly determines the direction and magnitude of the preferred response but overestimates the nonpreferred response. 2. The main paradigm consisted of comparing the responses of simple cells to contrast reversal sinusoidal gratings with their responses to drifting gratings (of the same orientation, contrast, and spatial and temporal frequencies) in both directions of motion. Although it is known that simple cells display spatiotemporally inseparable responses to contrast reversal gratings, this spatiotemporal inseparability is demonstrated here to predict a certain amount of direction selectivity under the assumption that simple cells sum their inputs linearly. 3. The linear prediction of the directional index (DI), a quantitative measure of the degree of direction selectivity, was compared with the measured DI obtained from the responses to drifting gratings. The median value of the ratio of the two was 0.30, indicating that there is a significant nonlinear component to direction selectivity. 4. The absolute magnitudes of the responses to gratings moving in both directions of motion were compared with the linear predictions as well. Whereas the preferred direction response showed only a slight amount of facilitation compared with the linear prediction, there was a significant amount of nonlinear suppression in the nonpreferred direction. 5. Spatiotemporal inseparability was demonstrated also with stationary temporally modulated bars. The time course of response to these bars was different for different positions in the receptive field. The degree of spatiotemporal inseparability measured with sinusoidally modulated bars agreed quantitatively with that measured in experiments with stationary gratings. 6. A linear prediction of the responses to drifting luminance borders was compared with the actual responses. As with the grating experiments, the prediction was qualitatively accurate, giving the correct preferred direction but underestimating the magnitude of direction selectivity observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Rapid Axonal Sprouting and Pruning Accompany Functional Reorganization in Primary Visual Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homare Yamahachi ◽  
Sally A. Marik ◽  
Justin N.J. McManus ◽  
Winfried Denk ◽  
Charles D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Axonal Sprouting ◽  
Functional Reorganization
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