Co-existence of cationic and chloride components in odorant-induced current of vertebrate olfactory receptor cells

Nature ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 363 (6424) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kurahashi ◽  
King-Wai Yau
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells

scholarly journals Properties of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels mediating olfactory transduction. Activation, selectivity, and blockage.

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Frings ◽  
J W Lynch ◽  
B Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channels ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Cation Binding Site ◽  
Voltage Dependent

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (cng channels) in the sensory membrane of olfactory receptor cells, activated after the odorant-induced increase of cytosolic cAMP concentration, conduct the receptor current that elicits electrical excitation of the receptor neurons. We investigated properties of cng channels from frog and rat using inside-out and outside-out membrane patches excised from isolated olfactory receptor cells. Channels were activated by cAMP and cGMP with activation constants of 2.5-4.0 microM for cAMP and 1.0-1.8 for cGMP. Hill coefficients of dose-response curves were 1.4-1.8, indicating cooperativity of ligand binding. Selectivity for monovalent alkali cations and the Na/Li mole-fraction behavior identified the channel as a nonselective cation channel, having a cation-binding site of high field strength in the pore. Cytosolic pH effects suggest the presence of an additional titratable group which, when protonated, inhibits the cAMP-induced current with an apparent pK of 5.0-5.2. The pH effects were not voltage dependent. Several blockers of Ca2+ channels also blocked olfactory cng channels. Amiloride, D 600, and diltiazem inhibited the cAMP-induced current from the cytosolic side. Inhibition constants were voltage dependent with values of, respectively, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mM at -60 mV, and 0.03, 0.02, and 0.2 mM at +60 mV. Our results suggest functional similarity between frog and rat cng channels, as well as marked differences to cng channels from photoreceptors and other tissues.

Ultrastructural aspects of olfactory signal transduction and its development

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Bert Ph. M. Menco
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Olfactory Signal ◽  
Odor Molecule

Vertebrate olfactory receptor cells are specialized neurons that have numerous long tapering cilia. The distal parts of these cilia line the interface between the external odorous environment and the luminal surface of the olfactory epithelium. The length and number of these cilia results in a large surface area that presumably increases the chance that an odor molecule will meet a receptor cell. Advanced methods of cryoprepration and immuno-gold labeling were particularly useful to preserve the delicate ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features of olfactory cilia required for localization of molecules involved in olfactory signal-transduction. We subjected olfactory tissues to freeze-substitution in acetone (unfixed tissues) or methanol (fixed tissues) followed by low temperature embedding in Lowicryl K11M for that purpose. Tissue sections were immunoreacted with several antibodies against proteins that are presumably important in olfactory signal-transduction.

Presynaptic Afferent Inhibition of Lobster Olfactory Receptor Cells: Reduced Action-Potential Propagation Into Axon Terminals

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Wachowiak ◽  
Lawrence B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Action Potential Propagation ◽  
Cell Axon ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Afferent Inhibition ◽  
Reduced Action

Wachowiak, Matt and Lawrence B. Cohen. Presynaptic afferent inhibition of lobster olfactory receptor cells: reduced action-potential propagation into axon terminals. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1011–1015, 1998. Action-potential propagation into the axon terminals of olfactory receptor cells was measured with the use of voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the isolated spiny lobster brain. Conditioning shocks to the olfactory nerve, known to cause long-lasting suppression of olfactory lobe neurons, allowed the selective imaging of activity in receptor cell axon terminals. In normal saline the optical signal from axon terminals evoked by a test stimulus was brief (40 ms) and small in amplitude. In the presence of low-Ca2+/high-Mg2+ saline designed to reduce synaptic transmission, the test response was unchanged in time course but increased significantly in amplitude (57 ± 16%, means ± SE). This increase suggests that propagation into receptor cell axon terminals is normally suppressed after a conditioning shock; this suppression is presumably synaptically mediated. Thus our results show that presynaptic inhibition occurs at the first synapse in the olfactory pathway and that the inhibition is mediated, at least in part, via suppression of action-potential propagation into the presynaptic terminal.

Histamine-induced modulation of olfactory receptor neurones in two species of lobster, Panulirus argus and Homarus americanus

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Bayer ◽  
T. S. McClintock ◽  
U. Grunert ◽  
B. W. Ache
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
The One

In two species of lobster, application of the biogenic amine, histamine (HA), to the soma of olfactory receptor cells suppressed both spontaneous and odour-evoked activity, as shown by electrophysiological recording from single cells. The action of HA was graded, reversible, specific to HA, and had a threshold between 0.1 and 1 mumol l-1. HA increased the conductance of the membrane, primarily to chloride ions. The vertebrate HA receptor antagonist, cimetidine, and the nicotinic receptor antagonist, d-tubocurarine, but not other known vertebrate HA receptor antagonists, reversibly blocked the action of HA. These results suggest that a histaminergic mechanism modulates stimulus-response coupling in lobster olfactory receptor cells and potentially implicate a novel HA receptor, pharmacologically similar to the one recently described in the visual system of flies.

Disorders of the Cranial Nerves and Brainstem

2021 ◽  
pp. 851-861
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Primary Olfactory Cortex

This chapter briefly repeats key anatomic characteristics and then reviews clinical disorders affecting each cranial nerve in addition to the brainstem. More specifically, this chapter covers cranial nerves I, V, VII, and IX through XII plus the brainstem. The olfactory nerve is a special visceral afferent nerve that functions in the sense of smell. The axons of the olfactory receptor cells within the nasal cavity extend through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb. These olfactory receptor cell axons synapse with mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Mitral cell axons project to the primary olfactory cortex and amygdala. The olfactory cortex interconnects with various autonomic and visceral centers.

Responses of olfactory receptor cells of spiny lobsters to binary mixtures. II. Pattern mixture interactions

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Derby ◽  
M. N. Girardot ◽  
P. C. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Spiny Lobsters ◽  
Mixture Interactions

1. The effect of mixture interactions in individual olfactory receptor cells of the spiny lobster on neural coding of odorant quality of binary mixtures and their components is examined in this paper. Extracellular responses of 98 olfactory receptor cells in the antennules of spiny lobsters to seven compounds [adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP), betaine (Bet), L-cysteine (Cys), L-glutamate (Glu), ammonium chloride (NH4), DL-succinate (Suc), taurine (Tau)] and their binary mixtures were recorded, and mixture interactions in individual olfactory receptor cells were identified. 2. Coding of odorant quality was evaluated by examining across neuron patterns (ANPs)--the relative response magnitudes across neuronal populations. ANPs are a feature of the neuronal population response and are a possible concentration-independent code of odorant quality in this system, as indicated by previous studies and present results. 3. For most binary mixtures the diversity of types and degrees of mixture interactions across the individual cells of a population of cells resulted in ANPs for each mixture to be different from the ANPs for the components of the mixture and different from the ANP predicted for the mixture from the responses to the components (Figs. 2–10). These effects are called pattern mixture interactions (PMIs). PMIs occurred for most binary mixtures, even those that did not produce statistically significant intensity mixture interactions (IMIs) for this same population of cells. 4. The results suggest that PMIs can influence coding of stimulus quality, in some cases by causing an improvement of the contrast between the quality of mixtures and some of their components.

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