Extra-pair paternity results from female preference for high-quality males in the blue tit

Nature ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 357 (6378) ◽  
pp. 494-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Kempenaers ◽  
Geert R. Verheyen ◽  
Marleen Van den Broeck ◽  
Terry Burke ◽  
Christine Van Broeckhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Preference ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

Extra-pair copulations in common murres I: a mate attraction strategy?

Behaviour ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 1241-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen L. Cameron-Macmillan ◽  
Carolyn J. Walsh ◽  
Sabina I. Wilhelm ◽  
Anne E. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Common Murres ◽  
Breeding Seasons

AbstractWe investigated the behavioural context of pair (PCs) and extra-pair copulations (EPCs) in individually-marked socially-monogamous, long-lived seabirds, common murres (Uria aalge). Since forced EPCs have been documented for this species, we first examined which sex controls successful (cloacal contact achieved) copulation. The finding that all successful copulations required female cooperation and crouching suggested that benefits of successful EPCs accrue primarily to females. In a group of murres for which paternity analyses indicated no extra-pair paternity, behavioural observations over five breeding seasons showed that individual females engaged in EPCs primarily under two circumstances: (1) before they were reunited with their mates, and (2) when they were in the process of re-pairing. There was no such relationship between EPCs and re-pairing for males. Successful EPCs occurred with familiar neighboring males of apparent high quality, indicated by their high ledge attendance and prior reproductive success rates. Thus, EPCs may be used by females to attract potential high quality mates in situations where females are attempting to re-pair as a result of divorce or mate death.

scholarly journals Compensatory investment in zebra finches: females lay larger eggs when paired to sexually unattractive males

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1657) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Bolund ◽  
Holger Schielzeth ◽  
Wolfgang Forstmeier
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Differential Allocation ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Genetic Quality ◽  
Classical Version ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Maternal Resources

The classical version of the differential allocation hypothesis states that, when females reproduce over their lifetime with partners that differ in their genetic quality, they should invest more in reproduction with high-quality males. However, in species with lifetime monogamy, such as the zebra finch, partner quality will typically remain the same. In this case, the compensatory investment (CI) hypothesis predicts higher investment for low-quality males, because low genetic quality offspring are more dependent on maternal resources. Here, we show that female zebra finches invested more resources, both in terms of egg volume and yolk carotenoid content, when paired to a low genetic quality male, as judged from his previous ability to obtain extra-pair paternity in aviary colonies. We also found that females deposited slightly larger amounts of testosterone into eggs when paired to a low parental quality male, as judging from his previous success in rearing offspring. This is, to our knowledge, the first experimental support for the CI hypothesis in a species with lifetime monogamy. We stress that in more promiscuous species, the benefits of classical differential allocation may partly be neutralized by the supposed benefits of CI.

scholarly journals Malaria infection status predicts extra-pair paternity in the blue tit

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Podmokła ◽  
Anna Dubiec ◽  
Aneta Arct ◽  
Szymon M. Drobniak ◽  
Lars Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

Individual Quality and Extra‐Pair Paternity in the Blue Tit: Sexy Males Bear the Costs

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa P. Badás ◽  
Amaia Autor ◽  
Javier Martínez ◽  
Juan Rivero‐de Aguilar ◽  
Santiago Merino
Keyword(s):  
Individual Quality ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

scholarly journals Declining extra-pair paternity with laying order associated with initial incubation behavior, but independent of final clutch size in the blue tit

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Vedder ◽  
Michael J. L. Magrath ◽  
Daphne L. Niehoff ◽  
Marco van der Velde ◽  
Jan Komdeur
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Laying Order ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Incubation Behavior

Does Reproductive Synchrony Limit Male Opportunities or Enhance Female Choice for Extra-Pair Paternity?

Behaviour ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Kempenaers
Keyword(s):  
Female Choice ◽  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Parus Caeruleus ◽  
Male Quality ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Fertile Period ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Reproductive Synchrony ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Breeding Synchrony

AbstractBreeding synchrony has been suggested as one factor that might explain the variation in frequency of extra-pair paternity, both between and within species. Reproductive synchrony might limit the opportunities for males to engage in extra-pair copulations (EPCs), because males face a trade-off with guarding their own fertile partner. Alternatively, breeding synchrony may promote extra-pair paternity, because of reduced male-male competition for EPCs or because of enhanced possibilities for females to assess male quality. In this study, I investigated the influence of synchrony on the occurrence of extra-pair paternity in the blue tit Parus caeruleus. Over four years, breeding synchrony and extra-pair paternity were positively related. Within a season, extra-pair paternity occurred independently of the timing of breeding. The fertile period of the extra-pair male's social mate and that of the extra-pair female often overlapped considerably. However, males who performed EPCs during the fertile period of their social mate were not more likely to lose paternity than males who performed EPCs after the fertile period of their mate. These data suggest that breeding synchrony has little influence on the occurrence of extra-pair paternity in the blue tit.

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

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