Retinoic acid induces polarizing activity but is unlikely to be a morphogen in the chick limb bud

Nature ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 350 (6313) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumihare Noji ◽  
Tsutomu Nohno ◽  
Eiki Koyama ◽  
Kohki Muto ◽  
Kazuhiko Ohyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Limb Bud

Retinoic acid and chick limb bud development

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tickle
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Anterior Position ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Vitamin A Derivative

The chick limb bud is a powerful experimental system in which to study pattern formation in vertebrate embryos. Exogenously applied retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative, can bring about changes in pattern and, on several grounds, is a good candidate for an endogenous morphogen. As such, the local concentration of retinoic acid might provide cells with information about their position in relation to one axis of the limb. Alternatively, retinoic acid may be part of a more complex signalling system. Homeobox genes are possible target genes for regulation by retinoic acid in the limb. In particular, one homeobox gene, XlHbox 1 is expressed locally in the mesenchyme of vertebrate forelimbs and might code for an anterior position. When the pattern of the chick wing is changed by retinoic acid or by grafts of signalling tissue such that anterior cells now form posterior structures, the domain of XlHbox 1 expression expands rather than contracts. The expansion of XlHbox 1 expression correlates with shoulder girdle abnormalities. Retinoic acid application leads to visible changes in bud shape and this allows dissection of the way in which patterning is co-ordinated with morphogenesis. Results of recombination experiments and studies of changes in the apical ridge and proliferation in the mesenchyme suggest the following scheme: retinoic acid is involved in specification of position of mesenchyme cells; this specification determines their local interaction with the ridge that controls ridge morphology; the thickened apical ridge permits local proliferation in the underlying mesenchyme. The recent advances in molecular biology that permit analysis of the expression of various interesting genes in developing limbs hold out the promise that further investigation may soon allow a complete account of the patterning process in one part of the vertebrate embryo.

Vitamin A alters the internal viscosity of fragments of limb-bud mesenchyme

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
T. E. Kwasigroch ◽  
D. M. Kochhar
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Mouse Limb ◽  
Vitamin A Acid ◽  
Internal Viscosity ◽  
Fusion Experiments

Two techniques were used to examine the effect of vitamin A compounds (vitamin A acid = retinoic acid and vitamin A acetate) upon the relative strengths of adhesion among mouse limb-bud mesenchymal cells. Treatment with retinoic acid in vivo and with vitamin A acetate in vitro reduced the rate at which the fragments of mesenchyme rounded-up when cultured on a non-adhesive substratum, but these compounds did not alter the behavior of tissues tested in fragment-fusion experiments. These conflicting results indicate that the two tests measure different activities of cells and suggest that treatment with vitamin A alters the property(ies) of cells which regulate the internal viscosity of tissues.

Retinoic acid signaling is required during early chick limb development

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Helms ◽  
C.H. Kim ◽  
G. Eichele ◽  
C. Thaller
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Apical Ectodermal Ridge ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Retinoid Receptor ◽  
Limb Morphogenesis ◽  
Wing Bud ◽  
Zone Of Polarizing Activity

In the chick limb bud, the zone of polarizing activity controls limb patterning along the anteroposterior and proximodistal axes. Since retinoic acid can induce ectopic polarizing activity, we examined whether this molecule plays a role in the establishment of the endogenous zone of polarizing activity. Grafts of wing bud mesenchyme treated with physiologic doses of retinoic acid had weak polarizing activity but inclusion of a retinoic acid-exposed apical ectodermal ridge or of prospective wing bud ectoderm evoked strong polarizing activity. Likewise, polarizing activity of prospective wing mesenchyme was markedly enhanced by co-grafting either a retinoic acid-exposed apical ectodermal ridge or ectoderm from the wing region. This equivalence of ectoderm-mesenchyme interactions required for the establishment of polarizing activity in retinoic acid-treated wing buds and in prospective wing tissue, suggests a role of retinoic acid in the establishment of the zone of polarizing activity. We found that prospective wing bud tissue is a high-point of retinoic acid synthesis. Furthermore, retinoid receptor-specific antagonists blocked limb morphogenesis and down-regulated a polarizing signal, sonic hedgehog. Limb agenesis was reversed when antagonist-exposed wing buds were treated with retinoic acid. Our results demonstrate a role of retinoic acid in the establishment of the endogenous zone of polarizing activity.

Inhibition and reversion of chondrogenesis by retinoic acid in rat limb bud cell cultures

1980 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fran�oise Gallandre ◽  
Andreas Kistler ◽  
Brigitta Galli
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Limb Bud

scholarly journals Genetics and functions of the retinoic acid pathway, with special emphasis on the eye

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Thompson ◽  
Nicholas Katsanis ◽  
Nicholas Apostolopoulos ◽  
David C. Thompson ◽  
Daniel W. Nebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Acid Pathway

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a potent morphogen required for embryonic development. RA is formed in a multistep process from vitamin A (retinol); RA acts in a paracrine fashion to shape the developing eye and is essential for normal optic vesicle and anterior segment formation. Perturbation in RA-signaling can result in severe ocular developmental diseases—including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma. RA-signaling is also essential for embryonic development and life, as indicated by the significant consequences of mutations in genes involved in RA-signaling. The requirement of RA-signaling for normal development is further supported by the manifestation of severe pathologies in animal models of RA deficiency—such as ventral lens rotation, failure of optic cup formation, and embryonic and postnatal lethality. In this review, we summarize RA-signaling, recent advances in our understanding of this pathway in eye development, and the requirement of RA-signaling for embryonic development (e.g., organogenesis and limb bud development) and life.

scholarly journals The expression of retinoic acid receptor in the chick limb bud during early developmental stages.

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi MOMOI ◽  
Mariko MOMOI ◽  
Hiromichi KUMAGAI ◽  
Hiromi UTSUMI ◽  
Sachiko MIYAGAWA-TOMITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

scholarly journals SHH propagates distal limb bud development by enhancing CYP26B1-mediated retinoic acid clearance via AER-FGF signalling

Development ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1913-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Probst ◽  
C. Kraemer ◽  
P. Demougin ◽  
R. Sheth ◽  
G. R. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Acid Clearance ◽  
Fgf Signalling

The role of retinoid-binding proteins in the generation of pattern in the developing limb, the regenerating limb and the nervous system

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maden ◽  
D. E. Ong ◽  
D. Summerbell ◽  
F. Chytil
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Commissural Axons ◽  
New Information ◽  
Mantle Layer ◽  
Developing Nervous System

We summarise existing data and describe new information on the levels and distribution of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinolbinding protein (CRBP) in the regenerating axolotl limb, the developing chick limb bud and the nervous system of the chick embryo in the light of the known morphogenetic effects of retinoids on these systems. In the regenerating limb, levels of CRABP rise 3- to 4-fold during regeneration, peaking at the time when retinoic acid (RA) is most effective at causing pattern duplications. The levels of CRBP are low. The potency of various retinoids in causing pattern respecification correlates well with the ability of these compounds to bind to CRABP. In the chick limb bud, the levels of CRABP are high and the levels of CRBP are low. Again the binding of various retinoids to CRABP correlates well with their ability to cause pattern duplications. By immunocytochemistry, we show that CRABP is present at high levels in the progress zone of the limb bud and is distributed across the anteroposterior axis in a gradient with the high point at the anterior margin. In the chick embryo, CRABP levels are high and CRBP levels are low. By immunocytochemistry, CRABP is localised primarily to the developing nervous system, labelling cells and axons in the mantle layer of the neural tube. These become the neurons of the commissural system. Also sensory axons label intensely with CRABP whereas motor axons do not and in the mixed nerves at the brachial plexus sensory and motor components can be distinguished on this basis. In the neural tube, CRBP only stains the ventral floor plate. Since the ventral floor plate may be a source of chemoattractant for commissural axons, we suggest on the basis of these staining patterns that RA may fulfill this role and thus be involved morphogenetically in the developing nervous system.

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