The maternal mRNA Vg1 is correctly localized following injection into Xenopus oocytes

Nature ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 336 (6199) ◽  
pp. 592-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel K. Yisraeli ◽  
D. A. Melton
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Maternal Mrna

Nonspecific effects of oligodeoxynucleotide injection in Xenopus oocytes: a reevaluation of previous D7 mRNA ablation experiments

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-779
Author(s):  
R.C. Smith ◽  
W.M. Bement ◽  
M.A. Dersch ◽  
E. Dworkin-Rastl ◽  
M.B. Dworkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Maternal Mrna ◽  
Nonspecific Effects ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Cellular Mrnas

Microinjection of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) complementary to cellular mRNAs has been advanced as an experimental approach to degrade target mRNAs in vivo and thereby obtain information as to the function of their cognate proteins. It is shown here that ODNs can induce a variety of aberrations in cell metabolism and structure when injected into Xenopus oocytes. Examination of histological sections of ODN-injected oocytes revealed the frequent abnormal accumulation of heavily staining basophilic material in the area of the germinal vesicle (gv). Ultrastructural analysis detected further abnormalities including blebbing of the plasma membrane, anomalous cytoskeletal structures, hyperorganised annulate lamellae, hyperinvagination of the gv, and formation of irregular nucleoli within the gv. Analysis of newly synthesised proteins by [35S]methionine radiolabelling of oocytes demonstrated that ODN injection can trigger a general decrease in both label uptake and protein synthesis. Qualitative effects on protein synthesis could also be observed, particularly a decrease in synthesis of high molecular weight proteins. The severity of ODN-induced effects is dose-dependent and highly variable from ODN to ODN. The previously reported delay in progesterone-induced maturation observed in oocytes depleted of the maternal mRNA D7 by ODN-directed degradation (Smith R. C., Dworkin M. B. and Dworkin-Rastl E. (1988) Genes and Devpt. 2, 1296–1306) is most likely a result of nonspecific ODN effects in the oocyte. Oocytes injected with effective antisense D7 ODNs that do not display detectable side effects matured with normal kinetics.

Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed cleavage of maternal mRNA in Xenopus oocytes and embryos

Gene ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shuttleworth ◽  
Glenn Matthews ◽  
Les Dale ◽  
Chris Baker ◽  
Alan Colman
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Maternal Mrna

Photocrosslinking of proteins to maternal mRNA in Xenopus oocytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Swiderski ◽  
Joel D. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Maternal Mrna

A two-step model for the localization of maternal mRNA in Xenopus oocytes: involvement of microtubules and microfilaments in the translocation and anchoring of Vg1 mRNA

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Yisraeli ◽  
S. Sokol ◽  
D.A. Melton
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Subcellular Fraction ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubule ◽  
Microtubule Array ◽  
Maternal Mrna ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Vegetal Cortex ◽  
Biochemical Fractionation

In an effort to understand how polarity is established in Xenopus oocytes, we have analyzed the process of localization of the maternal mRNA, Vg1. In fully grown oocytes, Vg1 mRNA is tightly localized at the vegetal cortex. Biochemical fractionation shows that the mRNA is preferentially associated with a detergent-insoluble subcellular fraction. The use of cytoskeletal inhibitors suggests that (1) microtubules are involved in the translocation of the message to the vegetal hemisphere and (2) microfilaments are important for the anchoring of the message at the cortex. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry reveals that a cytoplasmic microtubule array exists during translocation. These results suggest a role for the cytoskeleton in localizing information in the oocyte.

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