Maintenance of optical quality during crystalline lens growth

Nature ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 301 (5901) ◽  
pp. 618-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Fernald ◽  
Stephen E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Lens Growth

Optical quality during crystalline lens growth

Nature ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 312 (5991) ◽  
pp. 291-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELANIE C. W. CAMPBELL ◽  
P. J. SANDS
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Lens Growth

scholarly journals Optical quality during crystalline lens growth (reply)

Nature ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 312 (5991) ◽  
pp. 292-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUSSELL D. FERNALD ◽  
STEPHEN E. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Lens Growth

Effect of Age on the Morphology and Optical Quality of the Avian Crystalline Lens

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
S PRIOLO ◽  
J.G SIVAK ◽  
J.R KUSZAK
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Effect Of Age

Effects of Age and Refractive Error on the Optical Quality of the Avian Crystalline Lens

2000 ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
J. G. Sivak ◽  
S. Priolo ◽  
E. L. Irving ◽  
M. G. Callender ◽  
S. E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Optical Quality

Computer assisted scanning laser monitor of optical quality of the excised crystalline lens

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Sivak ◽  
D. Gershon ◽  
A. Dovrat ◽  
J. Weerheim
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Computer Assisted

Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Variation of Form and Function of the Ocular Lens

1989 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Sivak
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Optical Structure

AbstractThe crystalline lens of the eye is a unique optical structure that continues to develop within the eye throughout life. This process of development results in the formation of a lens with a gradient refractive index that has important optical consequences, particularly in the control of spherical aberration. The optical characteristics of the vertebrate crystalline lens are reviewed in terms of environmental concerns and spherical aberration. Lens shape and relative size are determined by such factors as whether the eye is to be used in air or water and whether it is to be used under scotopic or photopic conditions. The continued growth of the lens through life can be related to whether the lens exhibits positive or negative spherical aberration. In general, spherical aberration, as measured using a split laser beam method with excised lenses, is minimized in species with life histories indicating superior resolution ability. In addition, lens optical quality, as indicated by zonular differences in focal length, deteriorates with lens age. While the embryonic and post-embryonic lens undergoes significant change in size, shape and refractive index distribution, it appears that focal constancy is maintained, at least in certain species. This finding may indicate a means of simplifying the process of emmetropization.

Analysis of Sputtered Zinc Oxide Films

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
T. A. Emma ◽  
M. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sputtered Films ◽  
Zinc Oxide Films

Optical quality zinc oxide films have been characterized using reflection electron diffraction (RED), replication electron microscopy (REM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Significant microstructural differences were observed between rf sputtered films and planar magnetron rf sputtered films. Piezoelectric materials have been attractive for applications to integrated optics since they provide an active medium for signal processing. Among the desirable physical characteristics of sputtered ZnO films used for this and related applications are a highly preferred crystallographic texture and relatively smooth surfaces. It has been found that these characteristics are very sensitive to the type and condition of the substrate and to the several sputtering parameters: target, rf power, gas composition and substrate temperature.

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