Discovery of a very red nucleus in the radio elliptical IC5063 (PKS2048 – 57)

Nature ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 299 (5880) ◽  
pp. 234-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Axon ◽  
Jeremy Bailey ◽  
J. H. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Red Nucleus

scholarly journals Fully Automated Targeting Using Nonrigid Image Registration Matches Accuracy and Exceeds Precision of Best Manual Approaches to Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting in Parkinson Disease

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srivatsan Pallavaram ◽  
Pierre-François D'Haese ◽  
Wendell Lake ◽  
Peter E. Konrad ◽  
Benoit M. Dawant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Image Registration ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Nonrigid Image Registration ◽  
Direct Targeting ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND: Finding the optimal location for the implantation of the electrode in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is crucial for maximizing the therapeutic benefit to the patient. Such targeting is challenging for several reasons, including anatomic variability between patients as well as the lack of consensus about the location of the optimal target. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of popular manual targeting methods against a fully automatic nonrigid image registration-based approach. METHODS: In 71 Parkinson disease subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS implantations, an experienced functional neurosurgeon selected the target manually using 3 different approaches: indirect targeting using standard stereotactic coordinates, direct targeting based on the patient magnetic resonance imaging, and indirect targeting relative to the red nucleus. Targets were also automatically predicted by using a leave-one-out approach to populate the CranialVault atlas with the use of nonrigid image registration. The different targeting methods were compared against the location of the final active contact, determined through iterative clinical programming in each individual patient. RESULTS: Targeting by using standard stereotactic coordinates corresponding to the center of the motor territory of the STN had the largest targeting error (3.69 mm), followed by direct targeting (3.44 mm), average stereotactic coordinates of active contacts from this study (3.02 mm), red nucleus-based targeting (2.75 mm), and nonrigid image registration-based automatic predictions using the CranialVault atlas (2.70 mm). The CranialVault atlas method had statistically smaller variance than all manual approaches. CONCLUSION: Fully automatic targeting based on nonrigid image registration with the use of the CranialVault atlas is as accurate and more precise than popular manual methods for STN-DBS.

Cannabinoid CB2 receptors are expressed in glutamate neurons in the red nucleus and functionally modulate motor behavior in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 108538
Author(s):  
Hai-Ying Zhang ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Zegang Ma ◽  
Briana J. Hempel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Cb2 Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Cb2 Receptors

Red nucleus projections to distinct motor neuron pools in the rat spinal cord

2002 ◽  
Vol 448 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Küchler ◽  
Karim Fouad ◽  
Oliver Weinmann ◽  
Martin E. Schwab ◽  
Olivier Raineteau
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord

Plasticity in the Distribution of the Red Nucleus Output to Forearm Muscles After Unilateral Lesions of the Pyramidal Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 3147-3153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderraouf Belhaj-Saïf ◽  
Paul D. Cheney
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Forearm Muscles ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Lesion Method ◽  
Stimulus Triggered Averaging ◽  
Suppression Effects

It has been hypothesized that the magnocellular red nucleus (RNm) contributes to compensation for motor impairments associated with lesions of the pyramidal tract. To test this hypothesis, we used stimulus triggered averaging (StTA) of electromyographic (EMG) activity to characterize changes in motor output from the red nucleus after lesions of the pyramidal tract. Three monkeys were trained to perform a reach and prehension task. EMG activity was recorded from 11 forearm muscles including one elbow, five wrist, and five digit muscles. Microstimulation (20 μA at 20 Hz) was delivered throughout the movement task to compute StTAs. Two monkeys served as controls. In a third monkey, 65% of the left pyramidal tract had been destroyed by an electrolytic lesion method five years before recording. The results demonstrate a clear pattern of postlesion reorganization in red nucleus–mediated output effects on forearm muscles. The normally prominent extensor preference in excitatory output from the RNm (92% in extensors) was greatly diminished in the lesioned monkey (59%). Similarly, suppression effects, which are normally much more prominent in flexor than in extensor muscles (90% in flexors), were also more evenly distributed after recovery from pyramidal tract lesions. Because of the limited excitatory output from the RNm to flexor muscles that normally exists, loss of corticospinal output would leave control of flexors particularly weak. The changes in RNm organization reported in this study would help restore function to flexor muscles. These results support the hypothesis that the RNm is capable of reorganization that contributes to the recovery of forelimb motor function after pyramidal tract lesions.

Pericruciate fibres to the red nucleus and to the medial bulbar reticular formation

Neuroscience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Lamas ◽  
L. Martinez ◽  
A. Canedo
Keyword(s):  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Red Nucleus

Synaptic responses of red nucleus neurons in the alert cat to cortical and cerebellar inputs

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Fanardjian ◽  
J.S. Sarkissian ◽  
I.A. Manvelian
Keyword(s):  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Alert Cat ◽  
Synaptic Responses
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