Field-capacity water extracts from serpentine soils

Nature ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 294 (5838) ◽  
pp. 245-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Proctor ◽  
W. R. Johnston ◽  
D. A. Cottam ◽  
A. B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Water Extracts

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF WILD OATS. I. DORMANCY, GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Practical Implications

Mature seeds of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) from Alberta were completely dormant when freshly harvested. About 46% of the seeds lost their dormancy during storage for 33 wk at room temperature. Gibberellic acid was very effective in overcoming dormancy in freshly harvested or stored seeds. Water extracts from dormant wild oat seeds were more inhibitory than water extracts from non-dormant seeds to germination of wild oat seeds. A number of chemicals, viz., nitrates of potassium, ammonium and sodium, cytokinins (benzyladenine, kinetin), and thiourea, were effective to varying degrees in stimulating the germination and emergence of seeds. Percent germination and emergence of seedlings was maximum at temperatures ranging from 10 to 21 C, although germination and emergence were slower at 10 C than at the higher temperatures. A temperature of 32 C was detrimental to normal germination and emergence. Maximum seedling emergence occurred when soil moisture was maintained at 50 or 75% of the field capacity. At field capacity moisture levels, no seedlings emerged and nearly all the seeds had rotted within 11 days of planting. Planting depths of 2–8 cm were best for seedling emergence. From greater planting depths the rate and percent emergence were greater for larger seeds than for smaller or medium-sized seeds (separated on the basis of kernel weight). Time to maximum emergence was 8, 11–13 and 13–17 days from depths of 0.5–3 cm, 4–12 cm and 16–20 cm, respectively. Practical implications of some of these findings in a wild oat control program are discussed.

Dissolution of milled-silicate rock fertilisers in the soil

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Priyono ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Silicate Rock ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Silicate Rocks

Dissolution of dry-milled basalt, dolerite, gneiss, and K-feldspar added to 23 soils has been related to milling time and soil properties. The rocks milled for 10, 60, and 120 min were mixed with 23 type of soils from south-western Australia at a rock/soil ratio of 1/100 (≈10 t/ha), wetted to 110% field capacity, then incubated at 20°C for 2 and 10 months. Measurements of cations extractable by 1 M CH3COONH4 at pH 7 indicate that substantial dissolution occurred in the soil and that milling increased dissolution. After 10 months of incubation, about 18% of Ca and Mg had dissolved from basalt and dolerite milled for 120 min and 40% of Na and K from gneiss and K-feldspar milled for 120 min. Some dissolution occurred with 1 h extraction of non-incubated rock–soil mixtures and these released elements are considered to be readily available plant nutrients. The silicate rocks had minor effects on soil pH and EC of soil-rock mixtures (i.e. increased pH by ≤0.5 unit and EC by ≤127 μS/cm in 1 : 5 water extracts). The large increases in silicate rock dissolution in soils due to milling indicate that milled basalt and dolerite may be used as Ca and Mg fertilisers, and K-feldspar as a K fertiliser. Further research is needed to identify soils and plants for which the application of the silicate rock fertilisers will be most beneficial.

AN IMPROVED METHOD TO STUDY SOLUTE LEACHING IN LARGE UNDISTURBED SOIL COLUMNS NEAR FIELD CAPACITY TOWARD THE GROUNDWATER IN VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Cristian PĂLTINEANU ◽  
◽  
Andrei VRINCEANU ◽  
Anca-Rovena LĂCĂTUȘU ◽  
Radu LĂCĂTUŞU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Solute Leaching

Evaluation on the Muscular Strength Activity of Medicinal Herb Hot-Water Extracts

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Ho Lee ◽  
Young-Eon Kim ◽  
In-Ho Kim ◽  
Dae-Seok Han ◽  
Ki-Seung Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extracts

Antioxidative and Anti-asthma Effect of Morus Bark Water Extracts

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Mi Kim ◽  
Jong-Mi Baek ◽  
Hyun-Sook Kim ◽  
Myeon Choe
Keyword(s):  
Water Extracts
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