scholarly journals The specificity of plant defences

Nature ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 283 (5743) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Dixon ◽  
C.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defences

Herbivore-induced, indirect plant defences

2005 ◽  
Vol 1734 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen-ichiro Arimura ◽  
Christian Kost ◽  
Wilhelm Boland
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defences

scholarly journals Herbivores and plant defences affect selection on plant reproductive traits more strongly than pollinators

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Santangelo ◽  
Ken A. Thompson ◽  
Marc T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Plant Defences

scholarly journals Inhibition of lipoxygenase affects induction of both direct and indirect plant defences against herbivorous insects

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Bruinsma ◽  
Sarah van Broekhoven ◽  
Erik H. Poelman ◽  
Maarten A. Posthumus ◽  
Martin J. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Plant Defences

scholarly journals The legacy of the extinct Neotropical megafauna on plants and biomes

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius L. Dantas ◽  
Juli G. Pausas
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Historical Distribution

AbstractLarge mammal herbivores are important drivers of plant evolution and vegetation patterns, but the extent to which plant trait and ecosystem geography currently reflect the historical distribution of extinct megafauna is unknown. We address this question for South and Central America (Neotropical biogeographic realm) by compiling data on plant defence traits, climate, soil, and fire, as well as on the historical distribution of extinct megafauna and extant mammal herbivores. We show that historical mammal herbivory, especially by extinct megafauna, and soil fertility explain substantial variability in wood density, leaf size, spines and latex. We also identified three distinct regions (‘‘antiherbiomes’’), differing in plant defences, environmental conditions, and megafauna history. These patterns largely matched those observed in African ecosystems, where abundant megafauna still roams, and suggest that some ecoregions experienced savanna-to-forest shifts following megafauna extinctions. Here, we show that extinct megafauna left a significant imprint on current ecosystem biogeography.

Plant Defences Against Fungal Attack: Biochemistry

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna L Funnell ◽  
Christopher L Schardl
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defences ◽  
Fungal Attack

scholarly journals Latitudinal variation in seed predation correlates with latitudinal variation in seed defensive and nutritional traits in a widespread oak species

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Luis Abdala-Roberts ◽  
Hans Henrik Bruun ◽  
Felisa Covelo ◽  
Pieter De Frenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Latitudinal Variation ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Pressure

Abstract Background and Aims Classic theory on geographical gradients in plant–herbivore interactions assumes that herbivore pressure and plant defences increase towards warmer and more stable climates found at lower latitudes. However, the generality of these expectations has been recently called into question by conflicting empirical evidence. One possible explanation for this ambiguity is that most studies have reported on patterns of either herbivory or plant defences whereas few have measured both, thus preventing a full understanding of the implications of observed patterns for plant–herbivore interactions. In addition, studies have typically not measured climatic factors affecting plant–herbivore interactions, despite their expected influence on plant and herbivore traits. Methods Here we tested for latitudinal variation in insect seed predation and seed traits putatively associated with insect attack across 36 Quercus robur populations distributed along a 20° latitudinal gradient. We then further investigated the associations between climatic factors, seed traits and seed predation to test for climate-based mechanisms of latitudinal variation in seed predation. Key Results We found strong but contrasting latitudinal clines in seed predation and seed traits, whereby seed predation increased whereas seed phenolics and phosphorus decreased towards lower latitudes. We also found a strong direct association between temperature and seed predation, with the latter increasing towards warmer climates. In addition, temperature was negatively associated with seed traits, with populations at warmer sites having lower levels of total phenolics and phosphorus. In turn, these negative associations between temperature and seed traits led to a positive indirect association between temperature and seed predation. Conclusions These results help unravel how plant–herbivore interactions play out along latitudinal gradients and expose the role of climate in driving these outcomes through its dual effects on plant defences and herbivores. Accordingly, this emphasizes the need to account for abiotic variation while testing concurrently for latitudinal variation in plant traits and herbivore pressure.

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