The extensional flow capillary as a new method for extensional viscosity measurement

Nature ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 273 (5659) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. EVERAGE ◽  
R. L. BALLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Extensional Flow ◽  
Viscosity Measurement ◽  
Extensional Viscosity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Flow Capillary

Remarks on two available extensional viscosity measurement techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
P.R.Souza Mendes ◽  
M. Padmanabhan ◽  
C.W. Macosko ◽  
L.E. Scriven
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Viscosity Measurement ◽  
Extensional Viscosity

Development of Extensional Viscosity Measurement Method using Hele-Shaw Cell

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004.2 (0) ◽  
pp. 165-166
Author(s):  
Win Shwe Maw ◽  
Shingo FUJIWARA ◽  
Tsutomu TAKAHASHI ◽  
Masataka SHIRAKASHI
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Viscosity Measurement ◽  
Extensional Viscosity ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

The triple jet: A new method for measurement of extensional viscosity

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 830-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Oliver ◽  
R. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Extensional Viscosity ◽  
New Method

Influence of Carbon Black on Processability of Rubber Stocks III. Extensional Viscosity

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Cotten ◽  
J. L. Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Extensional Flow ◽  
Viscosity Coefficient ◽  
Extensional Viscosity ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
New Instrument

Abstract A new instrument for measurement of extensional viscosity was designed and employed in the evaluation of SBR compounds containing carbon black and other non-black fillers. It was shown that carbon black filled rubbers generally do not reach steady-state viscosity ; the stress continues to increase with increasing strain up to the point of rupture, due to rapid orientation of molecular chains during extensional flow. The data was evaluated in terms of the Denn-Marrucci equation, and the effect of carbon black on the two adjustable parameters was found. It was found that higher carbon black loading or structure increases only the viscosity coefficient, i.e., it changes the relative level of the flow curve without changing its shape. On the other hand, an increase in surface area increases both the viscosity coefficient and the relaxation time, i.e., it increases the upward curvature of the flow curve. A very good correlation was observed between Mooney viscosity values and calculated viscosity coefficients. Some agreement was found between calculated relaxation times and the rates of stress relaxation for rubbers containing nonblack fillers, while in carbon black loaded stocks the observed differences in stress relaxation rates were too small to draw definite conclusions. The use of high surface area, low structure carbon black is recommended for applications where stiffening of the SBR compounds during extension is desired.

Elongational Viscosity Measurements Using a Semi-Hyperbolic Die

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Baird ◽  
J. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Extensional Flow ◽  
Elongational Viscosity ◽  
Extensional Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lubrication Approximation ◽  
Type Device ◽  
Shear Effects

Abstract The lubricated semi-hyperbolic die has been proposed as a technique for generating uni-axial extensional flow and, hence, as a device for measuring elongational viscosity. Two methods for extracting extensional viscosity data for polymer melts in laminar flow from this device have been proposed and are evaluated here. Following the approach proposed by Collier and coworkers, values of the transient extensional viscosity, ηe+, obtained from a non-lubricated semi-hyperbolic (SHPB) die for several polyethylene (PE) melts were found to be considerably higher than values obtained by means of the Münstedt-type device. Furthermore, the values of ηe+ obtained from the SHPB die were considerably higher than the strain averaged values of ηe+ which Everage and Ballman proposed would be obtained from a lubricated SHPB. The pressure drop across a SHPB die was estimated assuming resistance was all due to wall shear (using the lubrication approximation) for two PE resins. In the case of low density PE (LDPE) the values agreed to within 20% of the measured values suggesting that shear effects at the die wall were dominating the pressure drop and not extensional stresses. An analysis was carried out which showed that in the presence of lubrication the conditions for which the values of ηe+ obtained from the SHPB would be relatively accurate (Hencky strains > 5.0).

A new method for blood viscosity measurement

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangho Kim ◽  
Young I. Cho ◽  
Abraham H. Jeon ◽  
Bill Hogenauer ◽  
Kenneth R. Kensey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Measurement ◽  
New Method
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