January-thaw singularity and wave climates along the Eastern coast of the USA

Nature ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 263 (5577) ◽  
pp. 491-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE P. HAYDEN
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Atypus karschi Dönitz, 1887 (Araneae: Atypidae): an Asian purse-web spider established in Pennsylvania, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Steven Tessler ◽  
Petr Heneberg ◽  
Ivalú Macarena Ávila Herrera ◽  
Nela Gloríková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Web Spider ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

The Mygalomorph spiders of the family Atypidae are among the most archaic spiders. The genus Atypus Latreille, 1804 occurs in Eurasia and northern Africa, with a single enigmatic species, Atypus snetsingeri Sarno, 1973, restricted to a small area in southeastern Pennsylvania in Eastern USA. This study was undertaken to learn more about genetics of that species, its habitat requirements and natural history. A close relationship to European species could be assumed based on A. snetsingeri’s occurrence on the eastern coast of the USA, however molecular markers (CO1 sequences) confirmed that A. snetsingeri is identical with Atypus karschi Dönitz, 1887 native to East Asia; it is an introduced species. The specific epithet snetsingeri is therefore relegated to a junior synonym of A. karschi . The karyotype of A. karschi has 42 chromosomes in females and 41 in males (X0 sex chromosome system). Chromosomes were metacentric except for one pair, which exhibited submetacentric morphology. In Pennsylvania the above-ground webs are usually vertical and attached to the base of bushes, trees, or walls, although some webs are oriented horizontally near the ground. It was found in a variety of habitats from forests to suburban shrubbery, and over a wide range of soil humidity and physical parameters. Prey include millipedes, snails, woodlice, carabid beetles and earthworms. The number of juveniles in excavated female webs ranged from 70 to 201. Atypus karschi is the first known case of an introduced purse-web spider. It is rarely noticed but well-established within its range in southeastern Pennsylvania.

scholarly journals Population structure of the squid Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii on the eastern coast of the USA: Reply to Gerlach et al. (2012)

2012 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Shaw ◽  
L Hendrickson ◽  
NJ McKeown ◽  
T Stonier ◽  
MJ Naud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Loligo Pealeii

Probable Causes of Losses of Containers from Container Ships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert George Wasalaski
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Northern Pacific ◽  
Overturning Moment ◽  
The Stability

In May of 2020 a container ship sailing along the eastern coast of Australia encountered a storm and lost a number of containers. The loss of containers was not unusual, about 1400 containers are lost each year on average. What was unusual was the large number of containers on this one ship. Coincidentally, MARIN releasted a report in September 2020 investigating similar losses of large number of containers from container ships going to northern Europe. Then, between October 2020 and February 2021, seven ships on a northern Pacific route from China to the USA loss between 3,000 and 4,000 containers and had a large number of container stacks roll over. This paper is a independent generic assessment of a marine forensic investigation taking a systems engineering approach to look at the broad spectrum of possible causes of container stacks rolling over and lossing containers. The paper discusses weather effects on the stability and motions of the container ships and the securing of the cargo containers. The paper goes into detail about the underlying issue of the container stacks and their heights such that at decreasingly smaller angles of heel or rll, the line of action of the weight of the higher containers passes outside the base of the stack thereby causing a overturning moment on the corners of the containers.

Nematode diversity in the Gulf of Maine, USA, and a Web-accessible, relational database

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyualem Abebe ◽  
Raymond E. Grizzle ◽  
Duane Hope ◽  
William K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Nematode Diversity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Open Ocean Aquaculture

Nematode assemblages were studied from four sublittoral sites at 50–56 m depth in the Gulf of Maine, north-eastern coast of the USA, within the context of an open ocean aquaculture experimental site. All four sites, two potential impact and two control sites, had a similar muddy–sand bottom and low organic content. Seventy genera in 27 families were recorded from a total of 1072 individuals. All but one taxa could be related to known genera. Family Comesomatidae was the most dominant with close to a third (27·6%) of the total individuals. At the genus level Sabatieria and Setosabatieria were most dominant with a quarter of the total number of individuals. Composition of dominant families from the Gulf of Maine differed from all hitherto reported sublittoral or deep-sea communities from both sides of the Atlantic, and most similar with European estuaries.Nematode diversity at the genus-level was reasonably high and was comparable with Mediterranean samples. Most diversity indices ordered the four sites similarly with Site 2 as the most diverse followed by Site 5 and then Site 6. By contrast the relative diversity of Site 4 depended on the index employed and its k-dominance curve crossed that of the others. Furthermore based on clustering the community at Site 4 was least similar to the others. Although these observations could be related to the fact that Site 4 is within the expected impact zone of the fish cage, the low number of fish introduced by the time of sampling and the lack of any difference in the maturity index among all the sites argue that these results can be considered before-impact data for further monitoring of the open ocean aquaculture experiment.A new paradigm where morphological information is documented and communicated using digital multifocal images is introduced. Each video image is comparable with visualization of a specimen under a microscope where the movie can be played back and forth to mimic focusing through a specimen. Web-based and openly accessible digital multifocal images were used to document and effectively communicate the morphology of all the identified genera in this study. This approach for documenting and communicating survey results is proposed as a benchmark for future similar studies that would enhance standardization and quality control of meiofaunal taxonomy, ecology and biodiversity studies.

Contrasting deterministic and probabilistic ranking of catch quotas and spatially and size-regulated fisheries management

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1777-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Apostolaki ◽  
E A Babcock ◽  
M K McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Sandbar Shark ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Management Advice

Large uncertainties over the dynamics of resource systems have increasingly led to the use of probabilistic modeling in the provision of model-based fishery management advice. However, deterministic analysis still remains the easiest and quickest approach to formulate model-based management advice. Here, we contrast deterministic and probabilistic modeling methods in evaluations of the potential consequences of alternative fishery management measures such as spatial and temporal closures and size-specific regulations. We thereby assess how model-based fishery management advice may vary between deterministic and probabilistic analyses of system dynamics. Using data for the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) population off the eastern coast of the USA, it is shown that under a variety of conditions, the use of management measures that provide protection to specific age groups of a population, such as size limits, might be less effective in achieving stock recovery of slow-growing, late-maturing, highly mobile species than catch quotas. It is also shown that management approaches that, according to deterministic calculations, appear to be the most effective are not so when uncertainty in the population dynamics is taken into account.

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