scholarly journals Hong Kong A-2 Influenza Virus Infection among Swine during a Human Epidemic in Taiwan

Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 228 (5274) ◽  
pp. 857-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. KUNDIN
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection

scholarly journals The follow-up study of swine and Hong Kong influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs.

1982 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIRO ARIKAWA ◽  
NOBUHISA YAMANE ◽  
KIYOSHI TOTSUKAWA ◽  
NAKAO ISHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Cross-Reactive, Cell-Mediated Immunity and Protection of Chickens from Lethal H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Hong Kong Poultry Markets

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2516-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Heui Seo ◽  
Robert G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H5n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
H5n1 Influenza

ABSTRACT In 1997, avian H5N1 influenza virus transmitted from chickens to humans resulted in 18 confirmed infections. Despite harboring lethal H5N1 influenza viruses, most chickens in the Hong Kong poultry markets showed no disease signs. At this time, H9N2 influenza viruses were cocirculating in the markets. We investigated the role of H9N2 influenza viruses in protecting chickens from lethal H5N1 influenza virus infections. Sera from chickens infected with an H9N2 influenza virus did not cross-react with an H5N1 influenza virus in neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition assays. Most chickens primed with an H9N2 influenza virus 3 to 70 days earlier survived the lethal challenge of an H5N1 influenza virus, but infected birds shed H5N1 influenza virus in their feces. Adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes or CD8+ T cells from inbred chickens (B2/B2) infected with an H9N2 influenza virus to naive inbred chickens (B2/B2) protected them from lethal H5N1 influenza virus. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that T lymphocytes or CD8+ T cells from chickens infected with an H9N2 influenza virus recognized target cells infected with either an H5N1 or H9N2 influenza virus in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that cross-reactive cellular immunity induced by H9N2 influenza viruses protected chickens from lethal infection with H5N1 influenza viruses in the Hong Kong markets in 1997 but permitted virus shedding in the feces. Our findings are the first to suggest that cross-reactive cellular immunity can change the outcome of avian influenza virus infection in birds in live markets and create a situation for the perpetuation of H5N1 influenza viruses.

scholarly journals Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Was Not Associated with Influenza Virus Infection in Children and Adults in Hong Kong, 2009–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 2506-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiling Xu ◽  
Vicky J Fang ◽  
Ranawaka APM Perera ◽  
Andrea May-Sin Kam ◽  
Sophia Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D
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