Possible Evolutionary Significance of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Blue–Green Algae

Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 227 (5263) ◽  
pp. 1164-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE N. KENYON ◽  
R. Y. STANIER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Volatile Compounds of the Cyanophyceae – A Review

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P Slater ◽  
Vivian C Blok
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Green Algal

A relationship between blue-green algae and off-flavours in water was reported as early as 1883. Continuing research has shown that two metabolites, geosmin and methylisoborneol are major contributors to unpalatable flavours in water and aquatic organisms. Many instances of the co-occurrence of these two compounds and dense blooms of blue-green algae have been recorded. Cultures of Anabaena, Lyngbya, Osciiiatoria, and Sympioca species have been shown to produce geosmin or methylisoborneol while blooms of Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, and Gomphosphaeria have been found in water containing geosmin or the odour of this compound. Actinomycetes have also been shown to produce these two compounds. In addition to geosmin and methylisoborneol, there is evidence that several other blue-green algal metabolites contribute to aquatic taste and odour problems. Among them is β-cyclocitral which has a distinctive tobacco flavour. Blue-green algae produce a variety of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, fatty acids, aromatics, ketones, terpenoids, amines and Sulfides which could contribute to the over-all flavour of water and aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of Lipid Biosynthesis in the Unicellular Rhodophyte Cyanidioschyzon merolae: Lack of a Plastidic Desaturation Pathway Results in the Coupled Pathway of Galactolipid Synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Sato ◽  
Takashi Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cyanidioschyzon Merolae

ABSTRACT The acyl lipids making up the plastid membranes in plants and algae are highly enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are synthesized by two distinct pathways, known as the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways, which are located within the plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Here we report the results of biochemical as well as genomic analyses of lipids and fatty acids in the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidioschyzon merolae. All of the glycerolipids usually found in photosynthetic algae were found, such as mono- and digalactosyl diacylglycerol, sulfolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. However, the fatty acid composition was extremely simple. Only palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids were found as major acids. In addition, 3-trans-hexadecanoic acid was found as a very minor component in phosphatidylglycerol. Unlike the case for most other photosynthetic eukaryotes, polyenoic fatty acids having three or more double bonds were not detected. These results suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids are not necessary for photosynthesis in eukaryotes. Genomic analysis suggested that C. merolae lacks acyl lipid desaturases of cyanobacterial origin as well as stearoyl acyl carrier protein desaturase, both of which are major desaturases in plants and green algae. The results of labeling experiments with radioactive acetate showed that the desaturation leading to linoleic acid synthesis occurs on phosphatidylcholine located outside the plastids. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol is therefore synthesized by the coupled pathway, using plastid-derived palmitic acid and endoplasmic reticulum-derived linoleic acid. These results highlight essential differences in lipid biosynthetic pathways between the red algae and the green lineage, which includes plants and green algae.

Fatty Acids of Blue-Green Algae

1970 ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Holton ◽  
Harry H. Blecker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Combination and positional distribution of fatty acids in lipids from blue-green algae

1978 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Zepke ◽  
E. Heinz ◽  
A. Radunz ◽  
M. Linscheid ◽  
R. Pesch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Fatty Acids in Eleven Species of Blue-Green Algae: Geochemical Significance

Science ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 155 (3763) ◽  
pp. 707-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Parker ◽  
C. Van Baalen ◽  
L. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Geochemical Significance ◽  
Eleven Species

Fatty Acids in Blue-Green Algae: Possible Relation to Phylogenetic Position

Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 160 (3827) ◽  
pp. 545-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Holton ◽  
H. H. Blecker ◽  
T. S. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Freeze-Fracture Replication in the Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Cellular Components

Electron microscopic observations of freeze-fracture replicas of Anabaena cells obtained by the procedures described by Bullivant and Ames (J. Cell Biol., 1966) indicate that the frozen cells are fractured in many different planes. This fracturing or cleaving along various planes allows one to gain a three dimensional relation of the cellular components as a result of such a manipulation. When replicas that are obtained by the freeze-fracture method are observed in the electron microscope, cross fractures of the cell wall and membranes that comprise the photosynthetic lamellae are apparent as demonstrated in Figures 1 & 2.A large portion of the Anabaena cell is composed of undulating layers of cytoplasm that are bounded by unit membranes that comprise the photosynthetic membranes. The adjoining layers of cytoplasm are closely apposed to each other to form the photosynthetic lamellae. Occassionally the adjacent layers of cytoplasm are separated by an interspace that may vary in widths of up to several 100 mu to form intralamellar vesicles.

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