Homoeologous Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Triticum aestivum in which Chromosome 5B is replaced by an Alien Homoeologue

Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 226 (5243) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR CHAPMAN ◽  
RALPH RILEY
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B

scholarly journals Wheat mutants permitting homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wall ◽  
Ralph Riley ◽  
Victor Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

SUMMARYPlants of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42) ditelocentric 5BL were treated with EMS in order to produce mutations in the 5B system by which meiotic pairing between homoeologous chromosomes is normally prevented. To check for the occurrence of mutation T. aestivum ditelo-5BL plants were pollinated with rye (Secale cereale 2n = 14) and meiosis was examined in the resulting hybrids.Wheat-rye hybrids were scored for the presence of mutants when the wheat parents were either the EMS-treated wheat plants, or their selfed derivatives, or their progenies obtained after pollination with untreated euploid individuals.Mutants were detected by each of these procedures and mutant gametes were produced by the treated ditelocentric plants with frequencies between 1·5 and 2·5%, but there were differences between the mutants in the extent to which homoeologous pairing occurred in the derived wheat-rye hybrids. The differences may have resulted from the occurrence of mutation at different loci or to different extents at the same locus.Two mutants, Mutant 10/13 and Mutant 61, were fixed in the homozygous condition. Mutant 10/13 was made homozygous both in the 5BL ditelocentric and in the euploid conditions but these genotypes regularly formed 21 bivalents at meiosis, and there was no indication of homoeologous pairing although the mutant 10/13 gave rise to homoeologous pairing in wheat-rye hybrids.

Induced Mutation Affecting the Control of Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Triticum aestivum

Nature ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 211 (5047) ◽  
pp. 368-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH RILEY ◽  
VICTOR CHAPMAN ◽  
ANGELA M. BELFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

Meiotic duration in wheat genotypes with or without homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing

1974 ◽  
Vol 187 (1087) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

In order to investigate the possible relation between meiotic time and meiotic chromosome pairing behaviour, meiosis was timed in various forms of wheat and wheat hybrids. First, meiosis was timed in ten Triticum aestivum (var. Chinese Spring) genotypes with different chromosome constitutions which differed widely in the meiotic pairing behaviour. Secondly, in order to escape from the disadvantage of aneuploid material, meiosis was also timed in plants which differed in the extent of homoeologous pairing because of the activities of different alleles at one or two loci. For this experiment use was made of F 1 -hybrids from the cross T. aestivum x Aegilops mutica which, although they all have 28 chromosomes, differ widely in the amount of homoeologous pairing. Thirdly, meiosis was also timed in 28-chromosome and 29-chromosome plants derived from the cross between rye (Secale cereale) x 43-chromosome T. aestivum containing a single Ae. mutica addition chromosome known to carry genes which greatly affect the level of homoeologous pairing in wheat. Although the 28-chromosome plants display very little pairing (chiasma frequency per cell (c. f.) = 0.5) while 29-chromosome plants display a much higher amount of pairing (c. f. = 7.8) no difference in meiotic time was detected between them. Similarly, the duration of meiosis was not significantly different between the three types of F 1 -hybrids between T. aestivum x Ae. mutica which had chiasma frequencies of 14.3, 7.4 and 0.9. Thus, these results agree in showing that there was no correlation between the duration of meiosis and the amount of homoeologous chromosome pairing. The results obtained for genotypes of Chinese Spring also provided no evidence to support the notion that there is a relation between the level of chromosome pairing and the duration of the pairing process. Consequently some doubt must be cast upon the idea that the time available for pairing is limiting to the pairing process. It was shown that individual wheat chromosomes in Chinese Spring differed in their effects on meiotic duration. For instance, the absence of chromosome 7B has no detectable effect on meiotic duration. The absence of chromosome 5B in two genotypes resulted in an increase in meiotic time from that found in euploid plants (24 h) to that found in tetraploid wheat species (about 30 h). By using plants ditelosomic for chromosome 5B L it was shown that most, if not all, of the genetic effects of chromosome 5B on meiotic time are determined by the short arm.

Control of Meiotic Chromosome Pairing by the Chromosomes of Homoeologous Group 5 of Triticum aestivum

Nature ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 212 (5069) ◽  
pp. 1475-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH RILEY ◽  
VICTOR CHAPMAN ◽  
R. M. YOUNG ◽  
ANGELA M. BELFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Group 5

scholarly journals Aneuhaploids in bread wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
Victor Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

SUMMARYEuploid and aneuploid plants of Triticum aestivum, variety Chinese Spring were pollinated with, pollen of Hordeum bulbosum. Euhaploids and aneuhaploids of Chinese Spring were obtained from the crosses. Meiotic chromosome pairing was analysed in 25 different aneuhaploids and the results were compared with those obtained from euhaploids. The evidence provided by the meiotic studies was used to identify chromosomes whose activities affected the genetic control of chromosome pairing.Meiosis was abnormal in a 23-chromosome aneuhaploid and in the 22-chromosome sectors of a chimaeral plant. Both plants were thought to have resulted from the incomplete elimination of the genome of H. bulbosum from hybrid embryos. It is suggested that the meiotic abnormalities in the two aneuhaploids were caused by the residual barley chromosomes.

Effect of nullisomy for D-genome chromosomes and chromosome 5B on the cytological characteristics of pentaploid Triticum aestivum × T. dicoccoides hybrids

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
G. Ganeva ◽  
B. Bochev
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Cytological Characteristics

The effect of nullisomy for D-genome chromosomes and chromosome 5B on the meiotic behaviour of pollen mother cell chromosomes of pentaploid F1 hybrids of Triticum aestivum (cv. Bezostaya 1) × T. dicoccoides (Körn) was studied. The functional ability of female gametes with diverse chromosome constitution and the frequency of their inheritance in BC1 was assessed. Absence of individual T. aestivum D-genome chromosomes had a specific effect on meiotic chromosome pairing. The genetic systems involving chromosome 5B of the two species did not have the same effect on homologous and homoeologous chromosome pairing. Chromosome 5B of T. dicoccoides reduced bivalent pairing and increased multivalent associations. In BC1 the frequency of female gametes with n = 16–18 chromosomes was highest. Key words: nullisomy, chromosome pairing, Triticum, pentaploid hybrids.

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