Male Bonds

Nature ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 222 (5198) ◽  
pp. 1098-1099
Author(s):  
MICHAEL ARGYLE
Keyword(s):  
Male Bonds

scholarly journals Male tolerance and male-male bonds in a multilevel primate society

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (41) ◽  
pp. 14740-14745 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Patzelt ◽  
G. H. Kopp ◽  
I. Ndao ◽  
U. Kalbitzer ◽  
D. Zinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primate Society ◽  
Male Bonds

scholarly journals Male cooperation for breeding opportunities contributes to the evolution of multilevel societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Qi ◽  
Kang Huang ◽  
Gu Fang ◽  
Cyril C. Grueter ◽  
Derek W. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Male Bonds ◽  
Multilevel Societies ◽  
Insight Into

A small number of primate species including snub-nosed monkeys (colobines), geladas (papionins) and humans live in multilevel societies (MLSs), in which multiple one-male polygamous units (OMUs) coexist to form a band, and non-breeding males associate in bachelor groups. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that the papionin MLS appears to have evolved through internal fissioning of large mixed-sex groups, whereas the colobine MLS evolved through the aggregation of small, isolated OMUs. However, how agonistic males maintain tolerance under intensive competition over limited breeding opportunities remains unclear. Using a combination of behavioural analysis, satellite telemetry and genetic data, we quantified the social network of males in a bachelor group of golden snub-nosed monkeys. The results show a strong effect of kinship on social bonds among bachelors. Their interactions ranged from cooperation to agonism, and were regulated by access to mating partners. We suggest that an ‘arms race’ between breeding males' collective defence against usurpation attempts by bachelor males and bachelor males' aggregative offence to obtain reproductive opportunities has selected for larger group size on both sides. The results provide insight into the role that kin selection plays in shaping inter-male cohesion which facilities the evolution of multilevel societies. These findings have implications for understanding human social evolution, as male–male bonds are a hallmark of small- and large-scale human societies.

Male Bonds: Afilliative Relationships Among Nonhuman Primate Males

Behaviour ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 309-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel P. Van Schaik ◽  
Jan A.R.A.M. Van Hooff
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Female Competition ◽  
Male Bonding ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Male Bonds ◽  
Special Case

AbstractA deductively obtained model concerning the factors that determine male social relationships within the framework of primate social organization is discussed in the light of existing empirical evidence. Tolerance and affiliative bonding are expected to occur less easily between male than between female primates. Whereas females compete for resources such as food, males, in addition compete to obtain fertilizations. Unlike food, fertilizations cannot easily be shared. This undoubtedly hampers the formation of male coalitions and the development of male bonds. Indeed, male tolerance tends to be low especially in species where the spatial and temporal distribution of females is such that individual males may monopolize access to such females, thus facilitating inter-male contest. Nevertheless there are a number of species in which tolerance between adult male group members is remarkable. In some cases forms of coordination and mutual attraction exist that justify the qualification of 'male bonding'. An important factor supposed to conduce to the development of male bonding is the inclusive fitness benefit that support and tolerance between male relatives may bring. This would occur especially where circumstances permit male philopatry. The latter is expected in species where the nature of female competition for basic resources does not lead to strong female-bondedness and female nepotism, allowing females to become allopatric. There is evidence from various species that related males form bonds under the mentioned conditions. A special case of this is the formation of father-son bonds, noted in species with strong intermale contest and corresponding sexual dimorphism. A remarkable alternative, by the way, is the existence of mother-son bonds which last into adulthood and which contribute to a male's position. There are indications for such bonds in two species where males stay with their mother and where sexual dimorphism is low. Still kinship clearly is not a necessary factor for the development of male tolerance and of support between males. The factor does not play a role, for instance, in the short-term coalitions found in baboons. Here opportunism based on mutual or reciprocal benefits seems to play a decisive role. The evidence presented lends support to the idea that there is an order of priorities, in which, first, socioecological factors determine the spatial, hierarchical and affiliative relationships between females. These female relationships then set the scene for the males, in that these determine the options left open for the males to organize their patterns of competition, migration and bonding.

scholarly journals Hybrid Subjects, Fluid Bonds

Prism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Li Guo
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Early Modernity ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Male Bonds

Abstract This essay offers a study of male homoeroticism in an unconventional and yet seminal nineteenth-century woman-authored tanci work, Fengshuangfei 鳳雙飛 (Phoenixes Flying Together; preface dated 1899) by Cheng Huiying 程蕙英 (before 1859–after 1899). Perhaps the only tanci known today that focuses centrally on male same-sex relations, Phoenixes Flying Together offers a vital example of early modern queer literary tradition by illustrating fluid male-male bonds and hybrid ideals of homosexuality. Such textual representations shift Confucian cardinal relations, redefine the power of nanse, and demonstrate queer identifications beyond heteronormative relations. Reading women's tanci through the intersectional lenses of early modernity, queer theory, and narrativity, this study examines such narratives as an inspiration to initiate a more contextualized epistemological, historical, and methodical understanding of the dynamic textual spaces that harbor same-sex intimacies, erotic desires, and clandestine longings in vernacular traditions. Narratives of male intimacy, camaraderie, and homosexual love in Cheng's text facilitate the construction of queer subjectivities through character focalization and embedded frames of storytelling and thereby reconfigure patrilineal norms of personal, familial, societal, and political relations. Ultimately, when engaged in conversation with global queer discourses, early modern Chinese vernacular narratives foster a culturally situated understanding of queer historiography, as well as the shifting social structures of power that often condition and facilitate nonnormative expressions of gender and sexuality.

scholarly journals Responses to social and environmental stress are attenuated by strong male bonds in wild macaques

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (51) ◽  
pp. 18195-18200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Young ◽  
Bonaventura Majolo ◽  
Michael Heistermann ◽  
Oliver Schülke ◽  
Julia Ostner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Male Bonds

Engendering Suspicion: Homosexual Panic in the Post-Soviet Detektiv

Slavic Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Brian James Baer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Norms ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male Bonds ◽  
Homosexual Panic ◽  
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick ◽  
Being And Becoming

This article examines the workings of the sexual closet within the enormously popular genre of the Russian detektiv, or detective story. Informed by the work of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and D. A. Miller, the article focuses on the dramatization of homosexual panic among various male characters in Aleksandra Marinina's Stilist (1996) and Boris Akunin's Koronatsiia (2001) in order to explore the experience of masculine subjectivity in post-Soviet culture. In both novels, a perceived crisis in patriarchal authority unleashes suspicions and anxieties regarding the experience of being and becoming a man, which is defined against the feminine and the homosexual. Figured both as an effect of and as a threat to male-male bonds, homosexual panic testifies to the interiorization of sexual and gender norms, which makes being male a highly self-conscious enterprise and fuels nostalgia for a mythic time before the appearance of homosexuality.

A Few Bad Friends: Dynamics of Male Dominance and Failure of Masculine Bonding in David Mamet’s Glengarry Glen Ross

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-141
Author(s):  
Mahsa Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Male Bonding ◽  
David Mamet ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
The World ◽  
Male Bonds

AbstractDavid Mamet is often considered as the quintessential dramatist of American urban life whose stage is peopled exclusively, and at times questionably, with men. Glengarry Glen Ross is the outstanding epitome of Mamet’s avid engagement with the world of men and their primordial, instinctive thirst for dominance, authority, and the celebration of their masculine prowess. Exploring the turbulent dynamics of male interactions determined and affected by contemporary capitalism, the present study investigates the disturbed depiction of masculinity and male bonding. Mainstream masculinity has been fundamentally linked to power and organized for domination. Historically changing and politically fraught, masculinity is the product of social learning or socialization. Rather than a celebration of the camaraderie of men, as most criticisms of Mamet focus upon, it is argued that the play highlights the failure of such fellowship and the tragic consequences. In Mamet, capitalism and the market economy do to men what in a patriarchal system men do to women: marginalize, dominate, displace. Men, therefore, are losing their cultural centrality, and with that, their capacity for constructive male bonds. Glengarry Glen Ross faithfully captures the sad ethos of American capitalism. The dynamics of dominance and success, the exercise of power, and the hierarchies of control lead to a dysfunctional network of male connections and interactions. Men are expected to develop more instrumentally functioning abilities and roles while maintaining the more expressively dominant roles they used to possess. Caught in between, they are only subject to alienation. This is the paradox of contemporary American men.

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